degradation of carbon & water cycles on human wellbeing

• 3 implications of forest loss on human wellbeing?

  • increased risk of flooding
  • drought due to reduced evapotranspiration
  • local economy through parks and education trips lost
• Kuznets curve model shows relationship between economic development and environmental degradation. the 3 features are pre industrial, industrial and post industrial with the turning point occurring in industrial and is the point where exploitation turns into protection
• the case study for Kuznets curve is Indonesia

  pre industrial - forest loss at rate of 6 million hectares from 2000 to 2011

  industrial - introduced Social Forestry Programme which allowed communities to manage forest

  post industrial - successful in short term but not long term as government changed in 2011
• 3 ways increased temperatures affect environment?

  • evaporation rates increase meaning more water vapour in atmosphere causing drought and change in precipitation patterns
  • river regime in glacial areas increases as snowmelt melts into rivers
  • water stored in cryosphere will decrease due to glacial snow melt
• the case study for increased temperatures affecting stores is the Arctic
• 3 reasons why ocean health is important to human wellbeing?

  • for food and income, clean oceans means more healthy marine animals
  • some coastal areas rely on tourism and if corals are bleached, dives to see corals on trips will be stopped e.g. Maldives
  • mangroves and other natural coastal protection form from healthy oceans and these can protect coasts from rising sea levels and eroding waves