bioengenetics

• aerobic respiration is an exothermic reaction
• in your tissues energy is needed for chemical reactions to build larger molecules, keep warm and for movement
• aerobic respiration is continuously occurring in living cells
• energy is obtained from glucose which is supplied to tissues by your blood
• aerobic respiration requires oxygen
• not enough oxygen may reach muscles during exercise so they use anaerobic respiration to obtain energy
• anaerobic respiration involves the incomplete breakdown of glucose so doesn't produce as much energy
• glucose ->lactic acid (anaerobic)
• (aerobic) glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
• some plants and fungi such as yeast respire anaerobically
• yeast = glucose -> ethanol + carbon dioxide
• photosynthesis is an endothermic reaction that allows plants to use light energy to make their own food in the form of glucose
• glucose is stored as starch in plants
• photosynthesis is a chemical reaction which takes place in the chloroplasts in the leaves
• carbon dioxide + water -> glucose + oxygen (photosynthesis)
• 6 CO2 + 6 H20 -> C6H1206 + 6 02
• the glucose produced in photosynthesis is used in respiration so the plant can grow
• photosynthesis is an endothermic reaction
• aerobic respiration is more efficient because glucose is fully broken down
• respiration is an exothermic reaction because energy is released
• 1.Set up a test tube rack containing a boiling tube at a distance of 10 cm away from the light source 2. Fill the boiling tube with the sodium hydrogen carbonate solution. 3. Place the piece of pondweed into the boiling tube with the cut end uppermost. Gently push the pondweed down with the glass rod. 4. Leave the boiling tube for 5 minutes. 5. Start the stop watch and count the number of bubbles produced in one minute
• increasing light intensity increases the rate of photosynthesis at first but then it is limited by the other factors
• increasing the temperature increases the rate of photosynthesis until the enzymes are denatured and it stops
• as carbon dioxide concentration increases the rate of photosynthesis increase until it is limited by the other factors
• metabolism is the sub of all chemical reactions
• glucose is converted into cellulose, starch and reacted with nitrogen ot form new proteins in a plant cell
• glucose is stored as glycogen in humans
• 1 glycerol molecule and 3 fatty acids are reacted to form lipids
• excess proteins are broken down into urea in the blood
• during photosynthesis energy is transferred to chloroplasts from light
• The glucose produced in photosynthesis may be used for respiration, converted into insoluble starch for storage, to produce fat or oil, to produce cellulose, to produce amino acids for protein synthesis.
• cellulose strengthens the cell wall
• Organisms need energy for chemical reactions to build larger molecules, movement and keeping warm
• Metabolism includes, conversion of glucose to starch, glycogen and cellulose, the formation of lipid molecules from a molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acids, the use of glucose and nitrate ions to form amino acids which in turn are used to synthesise proteins • respiration • breakdown of excess proteins to form urea for excretion