Transport in flowering plants

• Xylem are dead plant cells which are joined together to form long tubes which water flows through in transpiration
• Phloem are living cells which form tubes to carry sugars made in photosynthesis to all the cells in the plant
• What is the main difference between Xylem and Phloem?

  Xylem are dead and Phloem are living
• Lignin strengthens the Xylem tubes and prevents them from collapsing
• How are the sugars made in photosynthesis used?

  • release energy in respiration
  • stored as starch or sucrose
  • made into amino acids
  • turned into cellulose for cell walls
• What is the process which uses Xylem cells?

  Transpiration
• What is the process which uses Phloem cells?

  Translocation
• Vascular Bundle is a group of structures like xylem and phloem which are connected to each other
• Root hair cells have a long root hair to maximise surface area
• Water is absorbed by osmosis due to the concentration gradient which created due to the movement of water up the xylem
• What is the process of transpiration?


  The evaporation of water from leaves through the stomata which are controlled by guard cells. It is a continuous process