Tudor- Elizabeth I

• Tyrone's rebellion occurred from 1595 - 1603 under Elizabeth I.
• Causes of the Tyrone rebellion: plantations in Ireland by English protestants, Elizabeth (tyrant), religion (Catholic state).
• Elizabeth I was the queen during the years 1558 - 1603 (45 years).
• The main issues of Elizabeth's reign were war with Spain, marriage, religion and Mary, Queen of Scots.
• The Essex rebellion was in 1601 under Elizabeth I.
• Mary, Queen of Scots was the legitimate heir unless Elizabeth produced a child. She was the Queen of Scotland, acting as a rallying point for Catholics of Elizabeth's Government.
• William Cecil was the greatest of Elizabeth's ministers. Starting as the secretary of state in 1550 to his promotion as Lord treasurer in 1572 until his death in 1598.
• Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester was a capable and trustworthy minister who was a personal favourite of Elizabeth, radical puritan politician, anti-Spain.
• The threats to Elizabeth's throne were the question of succession, Mary, Queen of Scots, threat of Spain, Ireland and the Essex rebellion.
• The succession problem of Elizabeth's reign was that Elizabeth needed to marry to produce an heir to continue the Tudor dynasty. She was against marriage because it would limit her personal freedom, limited alliances. She never married, so never had an heir to continue the Tudor dynasty.
• Mary, Queen of Scots was executed in 1587.
• The Tyrone's rebellion was in 1595 - 1603. (9 years).
• The Spanish War against England started in 1585 and ended in 1604. With the Spanish Armada failing in 1588.
• The Spanish war occurred due to opposing religions. Phillip disliked Elizabeth for refusing to marry him. The war cost England intensely but England was successful in defeat.
• Ireland was a problem in Elizabeth's reign as it offered foreign powers a base to threaten England. The England plantation policies sparked multiple rebellions in Ireland.
• The Elizabethan religious settlement was a compromise between Protestants and Catholics. Acts of Uniformity and Supremacy in 1599 made Elizabeth supreme governor of the Church of England. Communion service open to interpretation with a prayer book somewhere between English and Latin version. Everyone must go to church.
• The puritan challenge were protestants that wanted to "purify" the church of all traces of the old Catholic religion. This was done with pamphlets, prophesying's and parliament through MPs.
• The Catholics were not a problem for Elizabeth in her early reign because they believed she'd marry a Catholic, popular as daughter of Henry VIII, foreign countries couldn't afford to fund a war, the Religious settlement 1599.
• The Catholic problem during Elizabeth's reign as the Catholics saw Elizabeth as illegitimate as the Pope didn't endorse he divorce of Catherine of Aragon and Henry VIII. She was not the rightful Queen of England.
• Mary, Queen of Scots landed in England in 1568, increasing the Catholic threat as Mary had a claim to the English throne.
• The Northern Earls Rebellion occurred in 1569 under Elizabeth.
• Causes of the northern earls rebellion were succession (Mary, Queen of Scots), Religion (return to Catholicism) and nobility held personal and political grievances.
• The St Bartholomew's day massacre occurred in 1572. Thousands of protestants were massacred in Paris. Mary, Queen of Scots had catholic relations who took part in killings.
• Elizabeth was excommunicated by the Pope in 1570.
• The Catholics were the biggest threat during 1580s, after many secret plots to overthrow Elizabeth and war with spain (catholics).
• The Ridolfi plot was a plot to kill Elizabeth and replace her with Mary Queen of Scots in 1571, discovered by William Cecil. The plot failed.
• The Throckmorton plot was a plot to kill Elizabeth and replace her with Mary Queen of Scots reinforced by the French army, discovered in 1583. Mary was moved to castle to watch actions.
• The Babington plot was a plot to rescue Mary and kill Elizabeth discovered in 1586. Mary was eventually executed for treason, against Elizabeth's wishes.
• The Oxfordshire rising was in 1596 under Elizabeth I.
• Causes of the Oxfordshire rising was (main) enclosure issues, economic problems, famine, falling wages, rising populations and epidemics.
• Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex was favoured by Elizabeth. He was jealous of the power and influence of William and Robert Cecil. He rebelled in 1601 after failure in Ireland and bankruptcy.
• Causes of Essex rebellion were Robert Cecil, turblent relationship of Elizabeth and Essex, his debts of £15,000 and failure in Ireland.
• Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone was the reluctant leader of the year 9 year Tyrone's rebellion. He was Irish but brought up in the English Court.
• Irish rebellions have a different nature to English rebellions. They are longer rebellions that cost more. They are usually small clan rebellions not nationwide (other than Tyrone). Irish rebellion became harder to defeat as time went by in Tudor England.
• Causes of the Fitzgerald rebellion were plantations, Elizabeth (tyrant), Religion (for Catholicism) and loss of personal power and influence.
• The Fitzgerald rebellion occurred in 1569 - 1573 under Elizabeth I.
• The Shane O'Neill rebellion occurred in 1561 - 1566 under Elizabeth I.