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Nervous system (biology paper1)
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Nerve
cell
Also called a
neuron
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Neuron
Long
Thin
Lots of
branch
connections to either end
Adapted to carry
electrical
impulses from one point to another
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Synapse
Connection between
nerve cells
where electrical impulses are converted to chemical signals to pass between
cells
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Nerve
cell communication
1. Electrical impulse hits end of nerve
2. Causes release of chemicals
3. Chemicals diffuse across gap to next nerve cell
4. Triggers another electrical impulse
5. Electrical impulse continues along new neuron
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Central
nervous system
Made up of
brain
and
spinal cord
Where
'thinking'
takes place
Takes in
sensory
information, decides what to do, sends out
orders
to the body
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Sensory neurons
Carry information from
receptors
all over the
body
to the central nervous system
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Motor
neurons
Carry impulses from the central nervous system to
effectors
(muscles or glands)
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Reflex
arc
Nerve pathway that
underlies unconscious
reflexes
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Reflex
arc
1.
Stimulus
detected by
receptor
cells
2.
Sensory
neuron carries impulse to spinal cord
3.
Relay
neuron transfers impulse to motor neuron
4.
Motor
neuron
carries impulse to
effector
(e.g. muscle) to cause
movement
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Reflexes are
rapid
and automatic, helping us avoid getting
hurt
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nerves
are long bundles of neurones that carry
messages
from one part of the body to another
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