plant tissues and organs

• carbon dioxide + water = oxygen + glucose
• 6Co2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 602
• light energy is needed for photosynthesis. Chlorophyll absorb the the light energy
• waxy cuticle- prevents water loss
• upper epidermis - protects the leaf and further prevents water loss
• palisade mesophyll - contains high amounts of chloroplasts and is where most photosynthesis happens
• spongy mesophyl- during photosynthesis, allows gas exchange
• xylem- transports water and minerals . No end walls between cells. one way upward flow
• phloem- transports sugars around the plant. Two way flow . Live cells with no nucleus
• meristem cells - found in the tips of shoots and roots, they can differentiate into any type of plant cell.
• stomata- gaps in the lower epidermis, allow carbon dioxide and oxygen to diffuse in and out. Protected by two guard cells.
• When the plant opens its stomata to let in carbon dioxide, water on the surface of the cells of the spongy mesophyll and palisade mesophyll

  evaporates and diffuses out of the leaf. This process is called transpiration.
• High humidity will decrease the rate of transpiration as there is more water in the air therefore it will decrease the concentration gradient
• When air flow is high water molecules are going to be blown away quickly, leading to a higher rate of transpiration
• increased light intensity increases the rate of transpiration as it increases the rate of photosynthesis, therefor the stomata will be open more letting more water out
• Warmer temperatures increase the rate of transpiration as water is more likely to evaporate from the surface of the leaf