Vocational Nursing Concepts

• National League for Nursing (NLN):


  responsible for accrediting schools for nursing in the US.
• Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA):


  first training for practical nurses was offered here
• National Council Licensure Examination for Practical Nurses (NCLEX-PN):


  required for licensure
• The National Association for Practical Nurse Education and Service, Inc. (NAPNES):


  formed 1941; first national organization with a focus on LPNs.
• NAPNES accredited LPN educational programs from ___ through ___

  1945 - 1984
• National Federation of Licensed Practical Nurses (NFLPN):


  formed in 1949. This organization is considered the official membership organization for LPNs and LVNs, and only people with that licensure can join. The name was later changed to the National Association of Licensed Practical Nurses (NALPN)
• Social Determinants of Health including:


  -Safe housing

  -Access to healthy food

  -Quality education

  -Transportation

  -Opportunities to recreation and leisure activities

  -Access to emerging technology

  -Culture.
• Physical Determinates include:


  -Community development

  -Availability of green space

  -Exposure to toxic and physical hazards
• Nurses can get involved w/ addressing social determinants by providing


  -interprofessional care to patients in all health-care settings

  -Collaborating w/ community organizations to develop safe communities

  -Focusing research on areas specific to SDH

  -Educating nurses on how to assess and advocate for changes to improve SDH.
• Opioid Epidemic:


  In the last 20 years, the number of prescriptions written by HCP have increased leading to misuse of opioid medications.
• In 2017, the US Department of Health and Human Services declared the use of opiods both prescription and nonprescription to be a


  Public Emergency
• How many people have an Opioid Addiction?

  2 million people
• How many people die each year due to Opioid Overdose?

  Over 130,000 people
• Health-Care- Associated Infections:


  infections individuals acquire while receiving care for other conditions in a health care setting.
• Health care settings include:


  -Acute inpatient hospital

  -Outpatient surgery centers and clinics

  -Dialysis centers

  -Various long-term care settings such as assistive living facilities, skilled nursing facilities, rehabilitation centers
• Health-Care Associated Infections (HAI) are associated with


  -High mortality rates

  High morbidity rates

  -Increased health care costs
• HAIs affect about ___ out of __ patients in inpatient settings.

  1 out of 25
• People who acquire an HAI can experience


  -Emotional

  -Financial

  -Medical consequences.
• Risk factors for acquiring an HAI include


  -Indwelling urinary catheters and other medical devices

  -Overuse of antibiotics

  -Surgical procedures

  -Unsanitary environments

  -Transmission of infections from health-care employees to patient.
• The most common HAIs include:


  -Urinary tract infections -Pneumonia surgical site infections

  -bloodstream infections.
• The most common HAIs are caused by


  -Bacteria

  -Fungi

  -Viruses

  -Other less common pathogens
• The most difficult HAIs to treat are those created by

  antibiotic-resistant bacteria
• Some of the most urgent threats of HAIs include


  -Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter

  -Clostridioides difficile

  -Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus -Drug resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae

  -Drug resistant Campylobacter.
• Telehealth


  Use of technology to deliver health-related services and information, including telemedicine
• The benefits of Telehealth include


  -Cost effective

  - Convenient

  -Conserves Resources
• Nursing Shortage


  Current health care reforms are increasing the # of health-care consumers and putting a strain on the health-care system.
• Nursing Shortage reasons include


  -Shortage of nursing facility which limits the enrollment of students. -Faculty salaries don't compete w/ clinical practice salaries.

  -Staffing problems are created along with mandatory overtime and constant calls for additional shift work contributing to burnout and disillusioned w/ nursing profession.
• National nursing organizations are trying to reverse the nursing shortage by


  -Mandating better nurse-to-patient ratios

  -Eliminating mandatory overtime

  -Increasing salaries and benefits for nurses
• What percentage is Substance Use Disorder in Nurses

  5% - 20%
• Substance Use Disorder in Nursing causes


  patient safety to be jeopardized.
• Signs of Drug Use impairment include:


  -Poor job performance

  -Inappropriate responses to coworkers both verbally and emotionally

  -Frequent breaks to the unit

  -Issues w/ memory

  -Increased mistakes
• A nurse who is diverting drugs may


  -Offer to give pain meds for other nurses

  -Have questionable behaviors related to med counts and waste

  -Give more pain meds than other nurses

  -Give pain meds to patients who don't need it.
• Nurses abusing alcohol may


  -Drink during breaks and meals

  -Hiding smell of alcohol w/ toothpaste, gum, or mouthwash.

  -Slowed speech and poor coordination
• A person aged 65+ are likely to develop one to five chronic illnesses such as


  -Arthritis

  -Diabetes mellitus

  -Congestive heart disease

  -Dementia
• ____ of older adults reside in skilled nursing facilities.

  7%
• ____ reside in adult care units such as medical-surgical units, intensive care units, and emergency departments.

  60%
• Identify some current trends affecting the practice of LPN/LVNs


  -Social Determinants of Health

  -Physical Determinants of Health

  -Opioid Epidemic

  -Health-Care Associated Infections

  -Disaster Nursing

  -Cultural Diversity

  -Technology

  -Nursing Shortage

  -Substance Use Disorder in Nurses

  -Aging U.S. Population
• Contributions Florence Nightingale gave to Nursing


  -Evidence Based Practice

  -Modern Scientifically Nursing Education Programs

  -Improved care given in hospitals and improved women's place in society

  -Treat patients rather than Disease

  -Critical Thinking

  -Holistic Approach to Care

  -Cultural Fluency to ensure best possible outcomes for individuals
• Florence Nightingale treated soldiers in the ____

  Crimean War
• Who identified the importance of recording and sharing statistical data?

  Florence Nightingale