ethnicity + achievment

• what does becker say abt teacher labelling?


  blck and asians far from ideal pupil

  blck- disruptive

  asian- passive
• what does gilborn and youdell say these labels lead to? 


  racialised expectation- diff treatment= failure thru SFP!

  stereotypes- lower sets and expectations thru ed triage= lower self esteem and achievement
• what did gilborn + youdell find abt blck students?


  felt disadv due to their neg treatment in schools. often blamed for disiplinary probs, expelled + teachers had lower expectations of them—> did less well vs yt kids
• what did cline et al say abt pupil racism?


  signif em reported: name calling, rudeness, verbal abuse (travellers faced bullying, harassment)= lower self esteem, distress, bad experience of school vs yt british pupils= isolation, fatalism, fighting back against racism, getting in trouble
• what did troyna + williams say abt the way schools are organised?


  need to look at the way schools routinely, unconsciously discriminate against em pupils. institutional racism in schools e.g not recruiting POC to senior positions
• what does the ethnocentric curriculum entail?


  subjects like: history, RE, eng lit macro focus on yt europeans + their achievements

  nat curriculum excludes blck ppl’s history + non-euro lit + music= isolation, feel ignored, anger, rebellion and lack of engagement in school
• how is school organisation ethnocentric?


  holidays based around christian calender, ignores other religious holidays.

  school meals= no halal, kosher food

  uniforms= interrupt beliefs e.g some girls only allowed to wear skirts this excludes muslim girls

  no protective hairstyles allowed= exclusion of black cult
• how can we criticise the ethnocentric curriclum?


  our curriculum may largely ignore eg asian cult but indian + chinese achievement above nat average! unlikely to make signif diff to achievement + deffo not only explanation
• how many em live in low income household?

  almost 1/2
• what ethnic groups are more likely materially deprived?

  pakistani, bangladeshi, AC
• why are some em groups more likely in poverty?


  foreign qualifications not recognised in uk, racism in housing and labour markets
• what groups are in higher class positions?

  indian, chinese A= highest achievemen!
• how can we crticise mat dep theory for em’s?


  even those ind + ch mat deprived still do better than most!

  bang= highest rates of FSM used to be lowest achieving, now exceeding nat average

  s/c doesn’t override influence of ethnicity
• why do em underachieve if cult deprived?


  due to inadequate socialisation in the home
• why are kids w EAL disasv according to cult dep theorists?


  not using eng enough to improve eng to high level, no help w h/w from non- speaking fam members

  difficult to communicate w predominately yt m/c teachers, mistake lang diffs as lack of ability in gen= lower expectations
• how did gilborn criticise theorists saying EAL is a factor for underachievement?


  high attainment of Ind pupils w EAL not often a barrier for success
• what did the swann report say abt lang?


  lang didn’t effect progress in school for later generations!
• what are yt w/c families considered?

  lowest achievers, no aspirations
• what did lupton say abt yt w/c areas and schools?


  poorer levels behaviour + disipline in yt schools

  blamed on: neg attitudes, low levels of support from yt w/c parents- dislike ed

  vs em parents see ed as upward social mobility
• what did gillian evans say abt ut w/c areas?


  street cult: brutal, learn how to handle + do intimidation

  schl= place for power games like in streets, brings disruption + harder for pupils to suceed
• what did moynihan say abt blacl fams?


  high likelihood single parent fams, kids deprived adequate care, cuz they struggle w ££ no time to spend w kids

  dads absence= x role model of male achievement for boys

  independent AC women raise girls= pos role models + help explain their higher success rate
• what did vincent et al say about black m/c families?


  concerned w actively involving their kids schooling e.g enrolling them in many extra-curriculars, tutors and high standards drilled!
• what did driver + ballard say about asian fams?


  close-knitted extended fam, high parental standards increase levels of achievement in asian comms
• what did sewell say about asian fams?


  ind + ch fam supportive ‘asian work ethic’ high value of ed= motivation to work harder

  e.g tiger mums
• how can we criticise cult dep theory?


  keddie= victim blaming explanation, em cult diff not deprived low achievemnt cuz schls= ethnocentric biased and against em
• how does racism in wider society effect em achievemen?


  social exclusion= worsening extent of pov

  evidence of deliberate discrimination in jobs

  wood et al= 1/16 em appl offered interviews vs 1/9 yt.

  membs of em= unemployment and low pay, neg effects on kids ed prospects that dev thru mat dep ( diet, lack of ed extras) etc