Geography

• Africans are diverse in terms of physical appearance, languages, dialects, and cultures. There are in the region of 1,500 different languages and dialects spoken in Africa.
• The scramble of Africa was the invasion of the europeans which then lead to the berlin conference.
• The european leaders wanted to acquire land and resources. This would expand their name.
• The scramble of africa happened in 1884-1885
• The European government ended up dividing up thousands of Kingdoms and made them into countries
• Under colonial rule, little attention was paid to education, health and training for Africans. People lost a huge part of their culture and identity
• Development is any improvement in the standard of living of people in a specific country.
• poverty is not having enough money or access to resources to enjoy a decent standard of living; be that the lack of access to healthcare, education or water and sanitation facilities
• Areas such as central africa tend to have a low income, whereas areas in south of africa generally have an upper-middle income
• natural resources- anything from the physical environment which is useful to life e.g. water, trees, fuels, air and sunlight
• raw materials- materials that have to be changed to be useful e.g. cotton, gold, coal
• Renewable source- a naturally occuring resource which can be replaced in a lifetime e.g. timber, wind, sunlight, water
• Non-renewable- a naturally occuring resource that takes millions of years to renew e.g. coal, diamond, oil, gas, chalk, sand and gold
• sustainability- the ability to maintain or support a process over time e.g. renewable energy, wind energy and recycling
• Biome- an area that includes communities of plants and animals that have a common adaptation to that particular environment
• atmosphere- sunlight wind oxygen
• biosphere- animals, fish, vegetation
• lithosphere- metals, minerals, solid earth
• hydrosphere- rivers, lakes, ocean, water
• weathering is the process of breaking down and dissolving rocks and minerals on the surface of the earth
• Freeze-thaw weathering- when water gets in cracks and expands, causing the rock to crack
• Chemical weathering- when acidic rainfall comes in contact with the rock, it dissolves the rock and weakens it
• biological- when animals and plants breakdown rock
• Onion skin weathering- when the outer layer expands when heated and contracts when cooled, this causes bits of rock to peel off in layers