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• Evidence-based treatments


  Interventions/therapies supported by scientific research
• Producer of research


  • Administering an anxiety questionnaire to multiple people as a part of the study
• Assumption of rationality


  The universe follows laws that may be understood by way of logical thinking
• Applied research


  • An educational psychologist who looks for a way to increase math skills in 8 year olds
• Occam's razor


  The simplest solution is the best, all things being equal
• Relationship between hypothesis and theories


  Hypotheses are a step taken to determine if a theory is accurate
• Intuition


  • "It seems to me that frustration causes aggression"
• Tenacity


  • Listening to the same song on the way to every softball game making the player "know" he's going to play well
• Probabilistic nature of behavioral research


  Research finding are not expected to explain all cases all of the time
• Harking


  Hypothesizing after the results are known
• Confirmation bias


  Asking questions to get the answers we want
• Confound


  An alternative explanation for an outcome, correlated with and difficult to tease apart from the IV
• Population frame


  The population as defined for the purposes of the study
• Sampling types


  • Probability sampling is simple random sampling
  • Nonprobability sampling is haphazard sampling
• Stratified random sample


  The population has identifiable subgroups that are of interest to the researcher
• Advantage of cluster sampling over simple random sampling


  Yields greater generalizability
• Multistage cluster sampling


  • Danielle randomly selected 5 out of 10 dance studios, then randomly selected students from each of the 5 studios
• Independent variable


  Long distance relationships
• Difference between ratio and interval scale


  A ratio scale has a zero value that actually means "nothing" or "the absence of something", but an interval scale does NOT
• Nominal level of measurement


  • Classification of psychiatric patients as either "neurotic=1" or "psychotic=2"
• Label scale of measurement


  • UIN
• Ratio scale


  • Number of times a laboratory monkey presses a bar in its experimental chamber during a one-hour period
• Test-retest reliability


  Confirms the temporal stability of a measure
• Reliability types requiring more than one administration

  • Test retest and alternate forms
• Criterion related validity


  The extent to which scores on a test can be used to predict and individual's behavior
• Content related validity


  The extent to which the items on a test are representative of the domain they are supposed to represent
• Systematic error


  • The eye tracking software is off by 5 millimeters
• Multi-trait multi-method matrices


  Used to demonstrate construct related validity
• Psychological theories


  Explain why or how
• Implicit measure of affect/emotion/mood

  • Word Fragment Completion test
• Eye tracking technology


  Used to infer information about perception and attention
• Problem with common sense as a way of knowing

  Standards of common sense vary according to the culture
• Oversampling


  • Intentionally seeking out a sample in which 40% are left-handed when the population is 80% right-handed
• Kuder-Richardson-20

  Measure of internal consistency for a dichotomously scored test