Final Exam

Cards (234)

  • Development level

    Where the person is at
  • Development milestone

    Tasks that a child should achieve at a certain age
  • Delayed
    Not meeting milestones
  • Regression
    Once met milestones but no longer have that milestone
  • Arrest
    Developmental progress stops
  • Risk factors

    • Prenatal risks
    • Birth risk
    • Family risk
    • Situational risk
    • Social determinants
  • Prenatal risks

    1st trimester of pregnancy = greatest risk for injury
  • Birth risk

    Preterm, low birth weight, birth trauma, infection
  • Family risk

    Low parental education, large family
  • Situational risk

    Bullying, sexual abuse, acute life stress/school problems
  • Social determinants
    Poverty, rural living, limited access to healthcare
  • Assessment tools

    • Denver II (infants/toddlers)
    • Early language milestone scale (infants/toddlers)
    • HEADSS (adolescents)
    • Functional assessment (adults/older adults)
  • Neural tube defects

    Congenital anomaly resulting from failure of the neural tube to close during fetal development
  • Types of neural tube defects

    • Spinal bifida (occulta/manifesta)
    • Myelomeningocele
    • Meningocele
    • Encephalocele
    • Anencephaly
  • Risk factors for neural tube defects

    • Folic acid deficiency
    • Maternal diabetes
  • Diagnostics for neural tube defects

    • Prenatally with ultrasound
    • MSAFP (elevated NTD, decreased DS)
  • Management of neural tube defects

    • Avoid latex
    • Keep sac moist and prone position
    • Prepare for surgery (72 hrs.)
  • Cleft lip & palate

    Opening in the lip or palate at birth
  • Risk factors for cleft lip & palate
    • Genetic factors
    • Environmental factors (teratogens)
  • Interventions for cleft lip & palate
    • Trouble with feeding (lactation consultant)
    • Risk for aspiration (specialized feeding devices)
    • Surgical repair
  • ADHD
    Difficulty focusing, hyperactivity, hyperkinesis, impulsivity
  • Risk factors for ADHD
    • Family history
  • Diagnostics for ADHD

    • Interview to discuss history and behaviors (Vanderbilt patent & teacher scale)
    • Abnormal behaviors in 2 different settings for 6 months
  • Interventions for ADHD

    • Minimize environmental distraction
    • Behavioral therapy (reward system)
    • Remain free from injury
  • Autism
    Impaired communication & social interaction patterns, repetitive, restrictive, stereotyped behaviors
  • Risk factors for autism
    • Genetic abnormalities (downs syndrome)
    • Family history
    • Teratogens
    • Boys
    • Great age disparities in parents
  • Clinical manifestations of autism
    • Obsessive behaviors
    • Emotional lability
    • Communication difficulties
    • "you" instead of "I"
    • Wide variety of intellectual ability, functioning
  • Management of autism
    • Stimulants, SSRI's, mood stabilizers (to manage symptoms)
    • Stop harmful behaviors
    • Provide supportive care
  • Interventions for autism

    • Prevent injury
    • Provide supportive care
    • IEP's
    • Enhance communication (short, direct sentences, visual aids)
  • Cerebral palsy

    Insult to brain development that causes a group of chronic conditions affecting body movement, coordination, posture (nonprogressive)
  • Prevention of cerebral palsy

    • Prevent preterm birth
    • Prevent maternal infection
  • Manifestations of cerebral palsy

    • Delay in milestones
    • Primitive reflexes (reflexes do not go away at the appropriate time)
    • Not always intellectually disabled
  • Diagnostics for cerebral palsy
    Clinical findings
  • Management of cerebral palsy

    • Surgery (to improve mobility)
    • Baclofen
  • Interventions for cerebral palsy
    • Prevent injury (assistive devices, adequate lighting, eliminate obstacles)
    • High calorie diet, supplements
  • Labor - Stage 1
    True labor - full cervical dilation & effacement (10 cm, 100% effaced)
  • Labor - Stage 1 phases

    • Latent: 0 - 3 cm
    • Active: 4 - 7 cm
    • Transition: 8 - 10 cm (most intense, encouragement is needed)
  • Labor - Stage 1 assessments

    • Cultural factors
    • Leopold maneuver (palpation of abdomen to determine fetal lie/presentation)
    • FHR and pattern
    • Contractions (frequency, intensity, duration)
    • Lab tests (urine, blood, amniotic membranes & fluid, GBS)
  • Labor - Stage 1 interventions

    • Voiding every 2 hours
    • Ambulation and positioning
    • Sacral counter pressure (for lower back pain)
  • Labor - Stage 2
    10 cm - birth of baby