lab

• Intravenous Admixtures


  Combination of substances added to an IV fluid for parenteral administration
• Intravenous Admixtures

  • Sterile and pyrogen-free
• Preparation of Intravenous Admixtures

  Aseptic technique must be followed
• Aseptic Technique

  Manipulating sterile products without compromising sterility
• Aseptic Technique

  • Proper use of Laminar Air Flow Hood
  • Strict aseptic technique
• Parenteral, Ophthalmic, Irrigation products must be free from chemical and physical contaminants
• Parenteral, Ophthalmic, Irrigation products


  • Accurately and correctly compounded
  • Sterile
  • Pyrogen-free
  • Stable
  • Properly packaged and labeled for use
• Beyond Use Date


  The time in where a compounded prescription must be discarded
• Final container for a compounded sterile preparation

  • Sterile and maintain the sterility of the preparation to the beyond use date
  • Protect the final preparation from chemical degradation especially if it is photosensitive
• Proper Labeling


  Integral in safe medication system, identifies medication, quantity, who, dose
• Specific Requirements for Labeling


  • Name and amount or concentrations of ingredients
  • Total volume of the compounded sterile preparation/IV admixture
  • Beyond use date
  • Appropriate route of administration
  • Storage conditions
  • Cautionary statements, initials of responsible pharmacists, disposal instructions
• Patient Specific Labeling


  • Patient name
  • Patient identification number
  • Patient location or room number
  • Name and amount of drugs added and the name of the admixture solution
  • Time and date of scheduled administration
  • Time and date of preparation
  • Administration instructions
  • Initials of the persons who prepared and check the IV admixture
• Drug Incompatibility


  Occurs when one drug is mixed with others and produces unsuitable products that are no longer safe or effective for patient's use
• Types of Drug Incompatibilities

  • Physical Incompatibilities
  • Chemical Incompatibilities
  • Therapeutic Incompatibilities
• Factors Affecting Compatibility


  • pH of admixture
  • Complexation
  • Light
  • Degree of dilution
  • Time
  • Parenteral solution
  • Temperature
  • Buffer capacity of additive or solution
  • Order of mixing
• Medication Administration of IV Fluids


  • IV Bolus
  • IV Push
  • Continuous IV
  • Intermittent IV
  • Heparin Lock
  • IV Pump
• IV Bolus


  Injection of small amount of undiluted medication either directly into the vein, IV tubing, or heparin lock, used to achieve an immediate effect
• Continuous IV


  Slow, primary line infusion of an IV preparation, used to achieve maintenance of either therapeutic drug level or fluid and electrolyte replacement
• Intermittent IV Infusion


  Used to achieve specific interval of drug administration
• IV Piggyback


  Medication is added to a small volume container then connected as a secondary infusion to a primary IV line
• Heparin Lock


  Medical device consisting of an IV needle attached to a short plastic tube which ends in a rubber seal
• IV Pump


  Delivers fluids, nutrients and medication into a patient's body in controlled amounts
• Alaris IV Pumps


  • Has a variety of IV administration sets available for primary set-up for continuous infusion and secondary set-up for intermittent infusion
  • All sets consist of IV tubings, some types of drip chamber, a regulator clamp and protective caps to maintain sterility
• Macrodrip Sets


  Delivers 10, 15 or 20 drops per mL, for quick and large infusion
• Microdrip Sets


  Deliver 60 drops per mL, designed to administer small and very precise amount of fluid
• Calculating mL to infuse per hour

  mL per hour = Total volume infused (mL) / Time for infusion (hours)
• Calculating IV Drip Rates/IV Flow Rates

  IV Drip Rate (gtt/mL) = Volume (mL) / Time (min) x Drop Factor (gtt/min)