Urban resurgence

• Urban resurgence


  the regeneration, both economic + structural, of an urban area which has suffered a period of decline

  * often initiated by redevelopment schemes
• Deindustrialisation


  the loss of jobs in the manufacturing (secondary) sector

  * occured in the UK in the 20th century e.g Manchester- Ship building, Glasgow- Textiles and Sheffield- steal

  * lead to many negative consequences therefore regeneration is required for positive consequence (multiplier effect)
• Causes for urban resurgence


  * Aesthetically pleasing

  * Industrial architecture from the past

  * High pedestrian count

  * Jobs in the service industries

  * Young professionals, with a high disposable income
• Characteristics of urban resurgence


  * regeneration is led by government + private compamies

  * deindustrialisation means that the centre of the city declines = 'dead heart syndrome'

  * some demographics are attached to urban living due to e.g short commute time and lots of services
• Examples of urban resurgence

  1. Birmingham- Jewllery quater

  2. New York- Lower west side

  3. East London, Stratford- tech jobs 'silicon valley'

  4. London- Olympics
• Gentrification


  Buying and renovating of propertied by young, wealthy individuals
• Reasons for deindustrialisation


  1. Mechanisation- labour is cheaper with machines than people

  2. Competition from abroad- from rapidly industrialising countries e.g. China + Taiwan

  3. Reduced demand for traditional products- as new materials and technologies develop
• Decentralisation


  * AKA the drought effect

  * the increasing movement of retail from the CBD to the outskirts of the cities (rural-urban fringe)

  * Cars have been a factor to feul this process as well as the attraction of an out of town site for retail

  * Leaves a social,economic and retailling hole in CBD

  * New investment focused on edge of cities or rural locations

  * its the movement of industry away from the inner city
• Tertiary sector


  Jobs that provide financial services e.g.

  * banking, accountancy and insurance

  * retailling

  * leisure

  * transport
• Quaternary


  Knowledge, ideas and research jobs e.g

  * NASA

  * advertising

  * computer programming

  * software design
• Why have service sectors (tertiary and quaternary) grown?


  1. Financial services are needed to support manufacturing industries

  2. As societies become more technologically sophisticated, they need a larger range of specialised services to keep them running

  3. As societies become wealthier, they demand more leisure + retail services