The Skeleton and Muscles

• What are the 2 regions the human skeleton is divided into?

  The axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton.
• Which bones does the axial skeleton contain?

  The skull, facial bones, spine ribcage and sternum.
• Which parts of the body does the appendicular skeleton contain?

  The limbs, pectoral girdle and pelvic girdle.
• What are the functions of spinal discs?

  To act as a shock absorber and protect the vertabrae from rubbing against eachother.
• What type of tissue is bone?

  Dense connective tissue.
• What are osteoblasts?

  Bone making cells.
• What is the function of inorganic material?

  Strengthening bones.
• What is the function of organic material?

  Gives the bone flexibility.
• Where is spongy bone found?

  In the epiphysis of long bones.
• What is the function of spongy bone?

  To give strength and rigidity to bones without making them to heavy.
• What is the function of the medullary cavity?

  To contain bone marrow.
• What is the function in making red bone marrow?

  Making red blood cells.
• What is the function of yellow bone marrow?

  To contain fat-storage cells.
• What is the function of cartilage?

  To act as a shock absorber and protect the ends of long bones.
• What are osteoclasts?


  Cells that break down bone.
• What stimulates osteoblasts?


  Physical activity.
• What effect does physical activity have on osteoblasts.

  Strengthens the bones.
• Where is Human Growth Hormone (HGH) produced?

  The pituitary gland (brain).
• What effect does HGH + sex hormones have on bones?

  Increases the size and strength of bones.
• What is the function of a tendon?


  To connect muscle to bone.
• What is a joint?

  Where two (or more) bones meet.
• Give 1 example of an immovable joint.


  The skull.
• Give an example of a slightly movable joint.


  The joints between vertebrae in the upper spinal column.
• What is the function of a ligament?

  To prevent the overextension of bones at a joint.
• What is the function of synovial fluid in synovial joints?


  Reduces friction at the joint by lubricating it.
• Give 1 example of a type of freely movable joint.


  Ball and socket.
• What is another name for freely movable joints?

  Synovial joints.
• Name 1 musculoskeletal disorder which you have studied.

  Osteoarthritis.
• What is the cause of osteoarthritis?

  Wear and tear.
• How can osteoarthritis be prevented?


  By reducing wear and tear on certain joints.
• How can osteoarthritis be treated?


  Rest and weight loss.
• What is the adaption of muscle?

  To contract. (shorten)
• What are muscles that work opposite to eachother called?


  Antagonistic muscles.
• Give an example of antagonistic muscles.


  Biceps and triceps.