Biology 6

• Step one of selective breeding is the Desired characteristics are identified.
• Step two of selective breeding is They are bred together.
• Step 3 of selective breeding is Only the offspring exhibiting the desired characteristics are bred again.
• Step four of selective breeding is This is repeated over several generations until the desired trait is fully developed.
• Step one of genetic Engineering:

  Find the 'gene of interest' in human DNA
• Step two of Genetic Engineering is:

   A restriction enzyme is used to cut out the gene from the human DNA
• Step three of Genetic Engineering is:

  The cutting of the DNA generates sticky ends, which help the DNA attach to the plasmid.
• Step 4 of Genetic Engineering is:

   A plasmid is removed from a bacterial cell, and is also cut open with the same restriction enzyme.
• Step 5 of Genetic Engineering is:

  The gene of interest and the plasmid are joined together using Ligase enzymes
• Step 6 of Genetic Engineering is:

  The plasmid variants are inserted into bacterial cells, and some of the bacteria will allow the plasmid to become part of their cell.
• Step 7 of Genetic Engineering is:

  The process of selection is used to find the bacteria which have taken up the plasmid
• Step 8 of Genetic Engineering is:

  The bacteria are allowed to grow and multiply in a fermenter.
• Step 9 of Genetic Engineering is:

  They then produce insulin which can be collected, purified and given to humans.
• Drawbacks/negatives to selective breeding: increased risk of genetic disease, unhealthy traits selected for.
• Another name for selective breeding


  Artificial Selection