Science

• Earth's crust is the layer which we live on
• The Earth has three layers, mantle, core and crust
• Mantle is made up of rocky material that is solid but can flow slowly over time.
• Core is divided into two parts; inner core and outer core
• Earthquakes are caused by the release of energy that generate waves which travel in all directions causing the shaking of earth's surface
• Tsunamis are large ocean waves generated by earthquake or volcanic eruption underwater
• Seismic waves spread out from the focus and from the epicentre
• A tsunami is formed when an earthquake causes water to be displaced vertically as well as horizontally
• A wave is a push which moves out in all directions from the source.
• Surface waves are waves that travel at the surface of the earth
• Body waves are waves that pass through the interior of the Earth
• Rayleigh waves which shake or vibrate the ground up and down
• Love waves which shake or vibrate the ground side to side
• Atmosphere is a thin layer of gases including the air we breathe
• The upper portion of earth's crust is made up of granite while the lower part is basalt
• Inner core is the hottest part of the earth
• Mantle is the thickest part of the earth, it is mostly solid but has some liquid parts
• Core is the innermost part of the earth
• Crust is the outermost layer of the earth
• The Mohorivicic Discontinuity or Moho separates the crust from the next layer beneath it
• Lithosphere is the rigid outer shell of Earth composed of the crust and the cooler, more brittle part of the mantle immediately underneath it.
• Asthenosphere is the layer below the lithosphere that can flow slowly over time.
• Tectonic plates are large pieces of rock that make up the Earth’s outer layers (crust). They float on top of the asthenosphere.
• Asthenosphere is the uppermost part of the mantle that can flow slowly over geological timescales
• Changes of plate slowly happen at plate boundaries or areas where two plates meet.
• Convergent boundary occurs when two tectonic plates push against one another.
• Divergent/Spreading boundary occurs when two tectonic plates move away from one another.
• Fractured boundary occurs when two tectonic plates slide past one another.
• The most terrifying earthquake recorded till date with a magnitude of 9.5 out of 10 happened in Valdivia, Chile in 1960