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• What is a FIRE?

  Fire is a chemical reaction that

  occurs when

  a

  material rapidly oxidizes (i.e., reacts with oxygen).

  Fire can be made by humans or nature. It is very useful to humans (destructive also).

  Fire Hazards

  What is Fire Hazard?

  It is a condition that favors fire development or growth. There are three (3) elements required to start and sustain fire: (1) oxygen, (2) fuel, and (3) heat.

  COMBUSTION is a chemical reaction between oxygen and a combustible fuel.
• Fire


  A chemical reaction that occurs when a material rapidly oxidizes (i.e., reacts with oxygen)
• Fire can be made by humans or nature. It is very useful to humans (destructive also).
• Fire Hazard


  A condition that favors fire development or growth. There are three (3) elements required to start and sustain fire: (1) oxygen, (2) fuel, and (3) heat.
• Combustion


  A chemical reaction between oxygen and a combustible fuel
• Fire Triangle or Combustion Triangle


  • Illustrates the three elements a fire needs to ignite: heat, fuel, and oxygen
  • A fire naturally occurs when the elements are present and combined in the right mixture
• Heat


  Without sufficient heat, a fire cannot begin, and it cannot continue. Heat can be removed by the application of a substance which reduces the amount of heat available to the fire reaction.
• Fuel


  Without fuel, a fire will stop. Fuel can be removed naturally, as when the fire has consumed all the burnable fuel, or manually, by mechanically or chemically removing the fuel from the fire.
• Oxygen


  Without sufficient oxygen, a fire cannot begin, and it cannot continue. With a decreased oxygen concentration, the combustion process slows. In most, cases, there is plenty of air left when the fire goes out, so this is commonly not a major factor.
• Types of Fire

  • Class A fires
  • Class B fires
  • Class C fires
  • Class D fires
  • Class K fires
• Class A Fires


  • Involve ordinary combustible materials like paper, wood and fabrics, rubber plastics, textiles, paper, and clothing
  • Most of the time, this type of fire is effectively quenched by water or insulated by another suitable chemical agent
• Class B Fires


  • Mostly involve flammable liquids (like gasoline, oils, greases, tars, paints, etc. and flammable gases)
  • Dry chemicals and carbon dioxide are typically used to distinguish these fires
• Class C Fires


  • Involve electrical (live electrical equipment, and situations, motors, generators, and other appliances. It excludes fires in other materials started by electricity
  • For safety reasons, non-conducting extinguishing agents such as dry chemicals or carbon dioxide are usually used to put out this fire
• Class D Fires


  • Involve combustible, easily oxidized metals such as aluminum, magnesium, titanium, and zicronium
  • Sodium carbonate, graphite, bicarbonate, sodium chloride, and salt-based chemicals extinguish these fires
• Class K Fires


  • Are fires in cooking appliances that involve combustible cooking media (vegetable, animal oils, and fats)
• Fuels can be solid, liquid, or gas
• Other sources of fire hazards

  • Failure of electrical systems and equipment
  • Lightning strikes
  • Presence of a flammable gas or liquid mixture
  • Hot surfaces, e.g.: furnaces, chimneys
  • Hot engines
  • Heated surfaces
• Common Hazards of Fire

  • Electric wires, loose connections, old electrical equipment, octopus wiring connection
  • Cooking and heat-generating appliances
  • All works and situations where fire is essential such as welding, cutting metal casting, etc.
  • Improper storage of tools and items at the end of the day's work
  • Smoking and personal lighters and matches
  • Fireworks ovro-techniaues explosives
• Common Causes of Fire

  • left unattended, electric cords, curtains, tea towels, oven cloth close to the stove top
  • installation was not done by qualified electrician, capacity overload, and if switches and correct fuses were not installed
  • tiny embers can smolder unnoticed burst into flame
  • poor lighting fittings cause heat buildup, lampshades are so close to light globes, not properly insulated from wood paneling or ceiling timbers
  • such as petrol, kerosene is not stored properly, storage should be away from heat, unsafe handling and use
  • when left unattended, sleep with a burning candle and curtains close to candles
• Phases of Fire

  • IGNITION - first stage: heat, oxygen. and fuel source combine and have chemical reaction (fire triangle is complete)
  • GROWTH - expansion of fire, depletion of oxygen supply, and increase in temperature
  • FULLY DEVELOPED - all fuels have been ignited and burning. hottest phase of
  • DECAY - First starts to diminish as fuel and/ or oxygen is consumed
• R.A 6975, the DILG Act of 1990 (Chap 4, Sec 53-59) created the Bureau of Fire Protection.
• Bureau of Fire Protection

  Responsible for prevention suppression of the and all destructive fires and to enforce laws on fire.
• Fire Extinguisher


  An active fire protection device used to extinguish or control small fires, often in emergency situations. typically, a fire extinguisher consists of a handheld cylindrical pressure vessel containing an agent.
• How to Use a Fire Extinguisher

  1. P- Pull the pin in the handle

  2. A-Aim the nozzle at the base of the fire

  3. S-Squeeze the lever slowly

  4. S-Sweep from side to side
• The R.A.C.E. Acronym stands for: Rescue, Alarm, Contain, Extinguish