review 2

• T9 and T10 are located at the level of the:

  -Sternal angle

  -Xiphoid process

  -Jugular notch

  -Vertebra prominens

  xiphoid process
• A variable transformer that is used to select kVp for the x-ray circuit is the:

  -Autotransformer

  -Step-up transformer

  -Rectifier

  -Step-down transformer

  autotransformer
• Which of the following are advantages of using the double-contrast technique for examination of the stomach?

  1. Fewer images are required.

  2. Small lesions are not obscured.

  3. The mucosal lining of the stomach can be more clearly visualized.

  1 and 2

  1 and 3

  2 and 3

  1,2, and 3

  2 and 3
• A left lateral rectum projection demonstrates the right femoral head anterior to the left femoral head. Such a projection

  1. also demonstrates the right femoral head superior to the left femoral head.

  2. is obtained by positioning the posterior pelvic wings perpendicular to the IR.

  3. demonstrates a magnified right femoral head.

  4. is made optimal by rotating the right hip posteriorly.

  1 and 3

  3 only

  2 and 4

  3 and 4

  3 and 4
• The adult skeleton is composed of how many bones?

  185

  200

  206

  208

  206
• Which of the following is placed perpendicular to the long axis of the grid for a lateral projection of the abdomen?

  Transverse plane

  Horizontal plane

  Midcoronal plane

  Midsagittal plane

  midcoronal plane
• Undesirable fluctuations in brightness are called:

  Scintillation

  MTF

  Quantization

  Image noise

  image noise
• The PA projection of the wrist in ulnar deviation clearly demonstrates the:

  Tapezium

  Trapezoid

  Hamate

  Scaphoid

  scaphoid
• The useful image acquisition area of an image receptor is:

  Detector element

  Dynamic range

  TFT size

  Detector size

  detector size
• What is the technical adjustment required with the trauma device of a wood backboard?

  +5 kVp or +25% to 30%

  +5 to 7 kVp or +50% to 60% mAs

  -15 to 20 kVp

  +50% mAs

  +5 kVp or +25% to 30%
• Which of the following best describes the administration of barium for an esophagram being performed for esophageal varices?

  Swallow the barium, inhale

  Swallow the barium, exhale

  Exhale, swallow the barium, hold breath out

  Inhale, swallow the barium, hold breath out

  Exhale, swallow the barium, hold breath out
• The laryngeal prominence known as the Adam's apple is the:

  Epiglottis

  Cricoid cartilage

  Thyroid cartilage

  Hyoid bone

  thyroid cartilage
• The intervertebral foramina of the superior four lumbar vertebrae are situated how many degrees from the midsagittal plane?

  90

  15 to 20

  30 to 50

  70 to 75

  90
• Which of the following methods is used to demonstrate the dens within the foramen magnum?

  Grandy

  Fuchs

  Twinning

  Pawlow

  fuchs
• The small bone situated at the base of the tongue is the:

  Hyoid

  Alveolar

  Cornu

  Styloid

  hyoid
• Which of the following substances is most readily penetrated by x-rays?

  Water

  Air

  Bone

  Fat

  air
• Where is the center of the IR positioned for an AP abdominal image performed with the patient in the supine position?

  L3

  Lower rib margin

  At the umbilicus

  Iliac crest

  iliac crest
• In digital fluoroscopy, what equipment should be used to view the image?

  Conventional view box

  High-definition television

  High-resolution monitor capable of displaying millions of pixels

  Plasma television required

  High-resolution monitor capable of displaying millions of pixels
• Fluoroscopy exposure rate may not exceed:

  100 mGya per minute

  1 mGya minute

  5 mGya per minute

  10 mGya per minute

  100 mGya per minute
• How long should the patient remain in position before making the exposure when performing a projection in the lateral or dorsal decubitus position?

  1 minute

  2 minutes

  5 minutes

  10 minutes

  5 minutes
• Which of the following is an x-ray "position"?

  Mediolateral

  Craniocaudal

  Orbitoparietal

  Trendelenburg

  trendelenburg
• An optimal AP scapula projection demonstrates all of the following except the:

  Lateral scapular border without thoracic superimposition

  Superior scapular angle about 0.25 inch (0.6cm) inferior to the clavicle

  Humeral shaft at 90 degrees of abduction

  Glenoid cavity on end

  glenoid cavity on end
• Distortion may be described as:

  Magnification

  Foreshortening

  Misrepresentation of an anatomic structure on the image

  Elongation

  Misrepresentation of an anatomic structure on the image
• The two types of electromagnetic induction are:

  Autoinduction and mutual induction

  Self-induction and mutual induction

  Generated induction and self-induction

  Current induction and voltage induction

  Self-induction and mutual induction
• During mobile radiography, shielding should be used on:

  1. children.

  2. exams in which the gonads are near the primary beam.

  3. patients of reproductive age.

  1 and 2

  1 and 3

  2 and 3

  1,2, and 3

  1,2, and 3
• Most of the energy conversion in the x-ray tube produces:

  Light

  X-rays

  Heat

  Current

  heat
• A PA oblique sternal projection (RAO position) with poor positioning demonstrates the right SC joint and manubrium superimposed by the thoracic vertebrae. How should the patient be repositioned for an optimal projection to be obtained?

  Have the patient take a deep inspiration before th eimage is obtained

  Center the central ray and IR closer to the vertebra; column

  Increase the degree of patient obliquity

  Decrease the degree of patient obliquity

  Increase the degree of patient obliquity
• Which of the following contains points that are enforceable?

  ARRT Examination Content Specifications

  ARRT Mission Statement

  ARRT Code of Ethics

  ARRT Rules of Ethics

  ARRT Rules of Ethics
• An inferosuperior axial shoulder projection obtained with the humerus in exaggerated external rotation (epicondyles at a greater than 45-degree angle with the floor) demonstrates the

  1. Hill-Sachs defect.

  2. humeral neck in profile.

  3. greater tubercle in profile anteriorly.

  4. greater tubercle in profile posteriorly.

  1 only

  1 and 2

  4 only

  1,2 and 3

  4 only
• The intensity of radiation is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the source of radiation and the person receiving it. This describes the:

  Square law

  Inverse square law

  Octet law

  Reciprocity law

  inverse square law
• Which device reduces voltage and provides current to produce an electron cloud or space charge at the filament?

  Rectifier

  Cathode

  Step-down transformer

  Timer

  Step-down transformer
• Your friend is scheduled to have an arteriogram and is concerned about the safety of this procedure. She asks for your opinion. You should:

  Look up information in her chart and call her later

  Encourage her to discuss her questions with her physician

  Tell her not to worry because the procedure is perfectly safe

  Tell her about the hazards of radiation exposure

  Encourage her to discuss her questions with her physician
• A rounded process at an articular extremity is called a:

  Condyle

  Malleolus

  Tubercle

  Styloid

  condyle
• In small children or infants, a foreign body obstruction of the airway should be suspected if there is a sudden onset of:

  1. severe coughing.

  2 stridor.

  1 only

  2 only

  Either 1 or 2

  Neither 1 and 2

  either 1 or 2
• The respiration phase for an AP or PA axial oblique projection of the cervical spine is:

  Shallow breathing

  Suspended respiration

  Full inspiration

  Full expiration

  Suspended respiration
• Where does the central ray enter the patient for an AP axial projection of the sacrum?

  2 inches at the public symphysis

  1 inch inferior to the symphysis

  1 inch at the pubic symphysis

  2 inches superior to the public symphysis

  2 inches superior to the public symphysis
• A calculation that uses the creatinine level, age, race, gender, and body size, and is the best overall indicator of kidney function is:

  Glomerular filtration rate

  Blood urea nitrogen level

  creatine plus rate

  Kidney function indicator

  Glomerular filtration rate
• How is the central ray directed for the PA axial projection (Holmblad method) of the intercondylar fossa?

  Perpendicular to the lower leg

  Perpendicular to the femur

  40 to 50 degrees to lower leg

  40 to 50 degrees to the femur

  Perpendicular to the lower leg
• What causes blood to pool in peripheral vessels?

  Anaphylaxis

  Cardiogenic shock

  Hypovolemic shock

  Neurogenic shock

  Neurogenic shock
• For the AP projection of the humerus, the hand is positioned:

  Supinated

  Pronated

  Lateral

  In 30 degree medial rotation

  supinated