Cells: Plants & Animals

• Cells


  The basic building block of all living things
• Unicellular Organisms


  Living things that are made of only ONE cell, e.g. bacteria
• Multicellular Organisms


  Living things made of many cells, e.g. humans
• Cells are very small & can't be seen with the naked eye
• Humans discovered cells because of the light microscope, which is why cells are microscopic
• Cell Theory


  • Cells make up all living things
  • Cells are the basic building blocks of all living things
  • All cells are produced from existing cells
• Animal Cell Organelles


  • Golgi apparatus
  • Ribosomes
  • Cytoplasm
  • Nucleus
  • Cell Membrane
  • Mitochondrion
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum
  • Vacuoles (small in animals)
• Cell Membrane


  Determines what can enter & exit the cell
• Cytoplasm


  A jelly like substance that helps the cell hold shape and allows nutrients & organelles to move around
• Nucleus


  The control centre of the cell, containing genetic material (DNA) with instructions for the cell
• Ribosomes


  Make proteins, which are molecules that make up the structure of a cell and keep cells alive
• Endoplasmic Reticulum


  Transports proteins around the cell
• Golgi apparatus


  Folds, modifies and packages proteins, and sends them to where they need to go in the cell
• Mitochondria


  Provides energy for the cell's processes
• Vacuole


  Stores products made by the cell, and stores waste products
• Summary of Organelle Functions


  • Cell membrane: Controls entry and exit of materials into cells
  • Cytoplasm: The nutrient-rich fluid in which other organelles are found
  • Mitochondria: Provide energy for the cell
  • Ribosomes: Makes proteins
  • Nucleus: Controls and regulates the cell. This is where DNA is found
  • Endoplasmic reticulum: Transports proteins and other substances around the cell
  • Golgi apparatus: Folds and packages proteins and sends them to the correct location
  • Vacuole: Stores waste products of the cell
• Plants are made up of many plant cells, which means they're multicellular (more than one cell - unicellular)
• Plant cells have the same organelles as animal cells, but plant cells have 3 extra organelles
• Photosynthesis


  Sunlight + water + carbon dioxide = glucose + oxygen
• Plants use photosynthesis to turn sunlight, water and carbon dioxide into glucose (a type of sugar that provides energy) and oxygen
• Plant Cell Organelles


  • Cell Wall
  • Large Vacuole
  • Chloroplasts
• Cell Wall


  A layer around the outside of the cell that is made of a tough substance called cellulose, giving the cell protection and helping it hold its shape
• Large Vacuole


  A membrane-bound sac that stores water, nutrients and sometimes waste products, helping maintain the rigid structure of the cell
• Chloroplasts


  Membrane-bound organelles that carry out the process of photosynthesis, containing chlorophyll which makes plants appear green
• Cell Theory


  This theory has 3 parts:
• Part 1


  Cells make up all ____________________________
• Part 3


  All cells are produced from ____________________________ cells
• Animal Cells


  Contain organelles that are small structures with specific functions
• Organelles


  • Cell Membrane
  • Cytoplasm
  • Nucleus
  • Ribosomes
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum
  • Golgi Apparatus
  • Mitochondria / Mitochondrion

  
• Cell Membrane


  1. Determines what can _____________________________ the cell

  1. Oxygen & food ___________________while toxins & drugs are _________________________.

  "Cell membranes are like the __________________________ of a cell"
• Cytoplasm


  1. Helps the cell _________________________

  2. Allows nutrients & organelles to ___________________________________

  "A jelly like substance"
• Nucleus


  1. is the control centre of the cell

  2. Contains genetic material (DNA) with _______________________________

  for other parts of the cell

  3. Its membrane keeps the DNA _________________________ from the rest

  of the cell & stops damage to it

  "The control centre of the cell"
• Ribosomes


  ___________________from the nucleus first

  gives instructions to the ribosomes.

  FUNCTION: Ribosomes _____________________.

  Proteins are molecules that make up the _________________of a cell & keep cells alive

  "Ribosomes are protein factories"

  
• Endoplasmic Reticulum


  Endo = internal/inside

  Plasmic = related to the cytoplasm

  Reticulum = network

  FUNCTION: __________________ proteins

  around the cell

  "The ER is like a ____________________ in a cell"

  
• Golgi Apparatus


  1. folds, _________________ &

  ____________________ proteins

  2. sends them to where they need to

  go in the cell

  "The Golgi is like the post office of the cell"
• Mitochondria / Mitochondrion


  Mitochondria = plural (more than one)

  Mitochondria = singular (just one)

  Function: ____________________________ for

  the cell's processes

  "Mitochrondia is like the ________________________________ of the cell"