ucsp

• Anthropology


  The scientific study of man or human beings
• Anthropology

  • describes human, human behaviour and human societies around the world.
  • It is a comparative science that examines all societies
• Cultural anthropology


  Studies human societies and elements of cultural life
• Linguistic anthropology


  Focuses on language in a certain society
• Sociology


  The study of human social relationships and institutions
• Sociology's subject matter is diverse, ranging from crime to religion, from the family to the state, from the divisions of race and social class to the shared beliefs of a common culture, and from social stability to radical change in whole societies
• Political science


  A social science that deals with humans and their interactions
• Political science deals with several aspects such as the study of state and government, and attempts to understand its forms and functions
• Anthropological perspectives


  • Culture
  • Cultural relativism
  • Fieldwork
  • Human diversity
  • Holism
  • Bio-cultural focus
• Main perspectives of anthropology


  • Cross-cultural or comparative emphasis
  • Evolutionary/historical emphasis
  • Ecological emphasis
  • Holistic emphasis
• Sociological perspectives


  • Functionalist perspective
  • Conflict perspective
  • Symbolic interaction perspective
• Theoretical perspective


  Used to analyse and explain objects of social study, and facilitate organizing sociological knowledge
• Functionalist perspective


  Societies are thought to function like organisms, with various social institutions working together like organs to maintain and reproduce societies
• Conflict perspective


  Sees social life as a competition, and focuses on the distribution of resources, power, and inequality
• Political science perspective studies the tendencies and actions of people which cannot be easily quantified or examined
• When analysing markets, a range of assumptions are made about the rationality of economic agents involved in the transactions
• The Wealth of Nations was written

  1776
• Rational


  (in classical economic theory) economic agents are able to consider the outcome of their choices and recognise the net benefits of each one
• Consumers act rationally by


  Maximising their utility
• Producers act rationally by


  Selling goods/services in a way that maximises their profits
• Workers act rationally by


  Balancing welfare at work with consideration of both pay and benefits
• Governments act rationally by


  Placing the interests of the people they serve first in order to maximise their welfare
• Rationality in classical economic theory is a flawed assumption as people usually don't act rationally
• Marginal utility


  The additional utility (satisfaction) gained from the consumption of an additional product
• If you add up marginal utility for each unit you get total utility
• Culture and society are complexly related. As the society changes, culture follows and vice versa.
• Today, the world is considered very complicated, hence it is very important to pay attention to the interplay of society and culture.
• Society and culture are fundamentals in understanding human behavior, conduct and activities and social groups against the backdrop of globalization and industrialization.
• Anthropology


  The study of human culture particularly the components, characteristics, functions, modes, and adaptation of culture, as well as culture values and practices
• Sociology


  The study of society and social interactions taking place therein
• Political science


  The study and research about human activity that deals, to a certain extent, with power, conflict, and decision making
• A society is a group of people with common territory, interaction, and culture.
• Society


  A group of people living together in a definite territory, having a sense of belongingness, mutually interdependent of each other, and follow a certain way of life
• Reasons people live together as a society


  • For survival
  • Feeling of gregariousness
  • Specialization
• Characteristics of society


  • It is a social system
  • It is relatively large
  • It socializes its members and from those from without
  • It endures, produces and sustains its members for generations
  • It holds its members through a common culture
  • It has clearly-defined geographical territory
• Major functions of society


  • It provides a system of socialization
  • It provides the basic needs of its members
  • It regulates and controls people's behavior
  • It provides the means of social participation
  • It provides mutual support to the members
• Types of societies according to economic and material system


  • Pre-class societies
  • Asiatic societies
  • Ancient societies
  • Feudal societies
• Types of societies according to evolutionary view

  • Simple societies
  • Compound societies
  • Doubly compound societies
  • Militant societies
• Types of societies according to people's subsistence


  • Food gathering societies
  • Horticultural societies
  • Pastoral societies
• Types of Societies


  • Nomadic Societies
  • Feudal Societies
  • Militant Societies
  • Agricultural Societies
  • Capitalist Societies
  • Industrial Societies
  • Democratic Societies
  • Post-Industrial/Information Societies