module 2 gender society

• Psychosocial


  Encompassing term comprising psychological and social aspects
• Psychological


  Anything associated with mental process and behavior
• Social


  Anything associated with human relationships, connection, and interaction
• Psychological domains


  • Affect (emotions and feelings)
  • Behavior (actions)
  • Cognition (thought processes)
• Gender and sexuality have a psychological dimension as our sexual behaviors and gender-related behaviors originate from what we sense, think, and feel
• Sociology


  Field of science which concerns itself with the human person's realities and experiences as part of groups and institutions, including the structures and functions of these institutions, and the dynamics of human relationships within them
• Awareness


  Our conscious understanding of something
• Intimacy


  The process of knowing others and allowing others to know us
• Socialization


  The process by which we learn cultural norms and traditions
• Objective well-being


  Well-being which is observed, outward, and can be evaluated through the presence or absence of particular elements in our environment
• Subjective well-being


  Our personal experience of satisfaction and purpose
• Filipinos say "I love you" approximately 17 times in a week, making them sixth among the countries in the survey which are most articulate and expressive
• Attraction


  What makes people decide to be acquainted with another
• Sensorium


  The totality of our sensory experiences and perception
• Affect


  Emotions and feelings
• Affective Primacy Hypothesis (Zajonc 1980) postulates that in many cases, cognitive processing (i.e., higher order thinking) plays a lesser role compared to our emotional responses in eliciting behavior
• Our emotions take precedent primarily because these are only processed and modulated by the limbic system— the emotional part of our brain which is more primitive compared to the ones responsible for higher order thinking (e.g., neocortex)
• Visual memory is deemed superior to other forms (Cohen et al 2008)
• Microsmatic


  Having greater sense of smell
• Humans and apes are generally believed to be microsmatic (lesser levels of olfaction) compared to their non-ape counterparts
• Heterosexual males and homosexual females in the study preferred wearing musky-spicy scent and liked their partners to wear floral-sweet scent
• Signature odor


  The unique way that each individual smells, associated with the Major Histocompatibility Complex
• Pheromones


  Substances putatively excreted by our glands which signals mood and affects social behaviors
• Individuals tend to be attracted to other people with a different set of MHC genes
• The McClintock effect (1971) or menstrual synchrony—the observation that females in the same dormitory usually would have their menstruation at nearly the same time—was thought to be due to pheromones
• Human pheromones are thought to act as attractants (of the opposite sex), repellants (of the same sex), stabilizer of mother-infant bond, and modulators of menstrual cycle
• Tactile element


  The experience relative to the object being felt: Is it rough? Is it smooth? Is the surface hard or soft?
• Vibrational element


  Is the pressure of the touch strong or weak? Is the sensation moving and pulsating or steady and stationary?
• Primary erogenous zones


  Areas of the body such as the mouth, arms, genitals, and nipples that are very sensitive to touch
• Secondary erogenous zones


  Areas of the body such as the back, cheek, neck, and buttocks that are also sensitive to touch, but only supportive of the primary zones in eliciting response
• Touching produces the hormone oxytocin, referred to as the love hormone because it is believed to influence tribal behaviors and maternal bonding
• Oxytocin is observed to be produced in vast amounts during nipple stimulation, such as for instance when a mother suckles her newly born
• Touch is suggested to be one of the love languages, where a person whose love language is touch tend to give and receive tactile stimulation to and from others through holding, hugging, and other forms of physical connections
• Social interactions are not only visual but are also auditory processes
• Sounds give additional context to sexual situations, such as verbal erotic encouragement and verbal expression of affection
• Our eyes enable our sense of sight (visual), so that we are able to see visual stimuli (color, size, shape)
• nose enables sense of smell (olfaction), so that we are able to experience scent.
• ears allow us sense of hearing (audition), so that we are able to experience sounds of varying tones, pitches, and volume.
• tongue is covered with taste buds that allow us sense of taste (gustation), so that we are able to experience the taste (e.g., saltness, sweetness, bitterness, etc.)
• Affective Primacy Hypothesis (Zajonc 1980) postulates that in many cases, cognitive processing (i.e., higher order thinking) plays a lesser role compared to our emotional responses in eliciting behavior.