plant reproduction

• reproduction- ensures the continuity of the species and keeps it from becoming extinct
• asexual reproduction- produces identical offspring from a single parent plant. this type of reproduction eliminates genetic recombination.
• natural vegetative propagation- type of reproduction wherein plants grow from its vegetative parts
• bulbs- plants with short stems but with highly modified leaves for storage of nutrients. example of this are onion, garlic, & daffodil
• rhizomes- underground stems that allow some plants to form a network and produces their kind. new plants arises into its nodes.
• stolons or runners- long, horizontal stems that grows above ground or along the surface of the soil. example of this is strawberry
• tubers- expanded portion of bulb with specialized underground stem for storage and reproduction. example of this is potato
• corm- resemble bulbs but with disc-like parts primarily of stem tissue. example of this is gabbi
• artificial vegetative propagation- these methods involve taking a piece of one parent plant and causing it to regenerate itself into a new plant.
• cutting- pieces of stems or roots are cut from one plant, planted in soil, and used to grow new individuals
• grafting and budding- small stems from one plant are attached to larger stems or roots of another plant.
• plant tissue culture- pieces of tissue from one plant are placed on a sterile medium and used to grow new individuals in mass numbers
• somatic embryogenesis- seed to help for grow is gibberellins
• meristematic tissue culture- stem to help for grow auxin
• anther tissue culture- flower to help for grow is pollen
• titopotent- plant that is able to use the 3 methods
• sepals- protect the bud until it opens (calyx)
• petals- attract insects (corolla)
• stamens- make pollen and male organ
• pistils (carpel)- grow into fruits which contain the seeds and female organ
• anther- pollen grains grow in this structure
• filament- holds the anther
• stigma- sticky place for pollen to attach
• style- where pollen nuclei travels to reach the egg
• pollination- the act of transferring pollen grains from the male anther of a flower to the female stigma
• angiosperms- pollens are transferred from flower to flower by a variety of agents. a flowering plants
• self pollination- the pollen from the anther is deposited on the stigma of the same flower
• cross pollination- the transfer of pollen from the anther of one flower to the stigma of another flower on a different individual of the same species
• germination- as long as the seed is not always grow in soil first