Mid PT1

• The first recorded blood compact between Europeans and Filipinos took place in 1521, involving Ferdinand Magellan and Rajah Humabon of Cebu. This ritual was intended to seal a friendship or treaty, or to validate an agreement.
• Another type of blood compact was also described by Antonio Pigafetta, the personal chronicler of the expedition, during their stopover in Palawan (after the death of Magellan). It
• Rajah Kolambu of Limasawa did participate in a blood compact with Ferdinand Magellan as well. This event, known as “Sandugo” or “Pacto de Sangre”, was a ritual to seal friendship or validate an agreement.
• The first documented Catholic Mass in the Philippines was held on March 31, 1521, which was an Easter Sunday.
• The first mass This event marked the introduction of Christianity in the archipelago and played a significant role in shaping Philippine history and culture.
• The Mass was conducted by Father Pedro de Valderrama of Ferdinand Magellan’s expedition
• Today, this site is widely believed by many historians and the government to be Limasawa, off the tip of Southern Leyte.
• To end the conflict for the issue about the first mass, the National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP) panel adapted the recommendation
• When Ferdinand Magellan and his European crew sailed from Sanlúcar de Barrameda for an expedition to search for spices
• Historical research by Dr. Antonio Sanchez de Mora, an expert on Spanish medieval history, confirmed that the first Easter Mass in the Philippines was held in 1521 on Limasawa Island, Southern Leyte, b
• Now the English translation of Antonio Pigafetta’s holographs in 1906 was provided by James Alexander Robertson
• Miguel A. Bernad, a Jesuit historian, also write an account titled "Butuan or Limasawa: The Site of the First Mass in the Philippines: A Reexamination of the Evidence
• The Cavite Mutiny took place on January 20, 1872.
• It was an uprising of around 200 Filipino troops and workers at the Fort San Felipe, the Spanish arsenal in Cavit
• The mutiny was believed to be a precursor to a national uprising.
• The mutiny was sparked by the removal of privileges enjoyed by the laborers of the Cavite arsenal at Fort San Felipe
• The mutiny was led by Sgt. Fernando La Madrid, who along with his men, seized the fort and killed the Spanish officers
• However, D. Fernando Rojas, the military governor of Cavite, dispatched two Spaniards to inform the Manila authorities about the uprising
• many Filipino soldiers were executed. In the final assault, there were 71 sentenced to execution by the Council of War.
• the Spanish colonial government, under Governor-General Rafael de Izquierdo, decribed the event as insurrection, an uprising, and a revolution.
• Among those accused were three Filipino priests, Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora, collectively known as GOMBURZA they were charged with the conspiracy against Spain.
• Despite their lack of involvement in the mutiny, GOMBURZA were arrested, tried, and subsequently executed on February 17, 1872 in Bagumbayan
• act of commuting a sentence means that the original punishment (in this case, the death penalty) was replaced with a less severe punishment (life imprisonment)
• The reasons behind Izquierdo’s decision to commute the sentences is due to lack of evidence against them according to some historians.
• Dr. T.H Pardo De Tavera, did wrote a Filipino version of the said Mutiny in 1872
• Jose Montero y Vidal, a Spanish historian, also wrote his own version of the Cavite Mutiny as well as
• Gov. Gen, De Izquierdo. Edmund Plauchut, a historian as well, wrote also his own interpretation about the event and said that one reason of the Cavite Munity is that there were mandatory service of Filipino on the public road construction and a yearly tax collection.