Final study guide: Trunk/Cervical Column

• • Cervical: 1-7
  • Thoracic: 1-12
  • Lumbar: 1-5
  • Sacrum: 1-5
  • Coccyx: 1-4
• • Cervical, Thoracic, & Lumbar are all moveable
  • Sacrum & coccyx are nonmoveable
• 12 ribs

  • 1-7: True Ribs
  • 8-10: Floating Ribs
  • 11-12: Flase Ribs
• Vertebral column is the most complex part of the body other than the CNS
• 31 nerve pairs

  • Cervical & Cranial
  • Posterior Spinal Nerves
  • Thoracic and Lumbar Nerves
• Atlantooccipital Joint

  • 1st Vertebrae & joint
  • responsible for Flexion, Extension, & slight lateral flexion
• Atlantoaxial joint

  • C1(atlas) sits on C2(axis)
  • most mobile joint any 2 vertebrae
  • pivot joint
• Vertebral articulations

  • Minimal movements between 2 vertebrae except atlantoaxial joint
  • Arthoridal or gliding joints due to limited movements
  • Joints C2- S1= Amphiarthordial symposia joints with intervertebral disks
• Intervertebral disks

  • annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus
  • compressed elastic material allows compression and torsion
• Vertebral column Landmarks

  • Mastoid process: base of the skull
  • Spinous process: Back of spine
  • Transverse process: side of spine
  • Clavicle: collar bone
  • Sternum: Chest bone
  • Iliac Crest: hip bone
  • Pubic Crest: groin area
• Vertebral Column Cervical

  • Atlas: 1st cervical vertebra (C1)
  • Axis: 2nd cervical vertebra (C2)
• Cervical Disabilities

  • Kyposis: incease of the thoriacic spine outward ( humpback)
  • Lordosis: increase of the spine inward or forward (arched back)
  • Scoliosis: lateral curvature of the spine
• Cervical movments

  • Flexion: head down toward the chest
  • Extension: head back
  • Lateral flexion: R to L, the head moves laterally toward 1 shoulder
  • Reduction: anatomical position
  • Rotation: nod head "NO"
• Lumbar Movements

  • Flexion: thorax towards the pelvis, touch your toes
  • Extension: thorax away from pelvis, bend backward
  • Lateral flexion: R to L, thorax moves laterally toward the pelvis, reach downside of body
  • Reduction: anatomical position
  • Rotation: R to L, thorax rotates to 1 side, twist body
• Erector Spinea Agonist Movements

  Cervical and Lumbar: Extension, lateral flexion, rotation
• Quadratus Lumborum Agonist Movments

  Lumbar extension, rotation, lateral flexion
• Rectus abdominis agonist movements

  Lumbar flexion, rotation, lateral flexion
• External oblique agonist movements

  Lumbar flexion, rotation, lateral flexion
• Internal oblique Agonist movements

  Lumbar flexion, rotation, lateral flexion
• Transverse Abdominis 


  forced expiration by pulling abdominal wall inward
• Erector Spinea

  Spinalis( medial layer)

  Longissimus (middle layer)

  iliocostalis (lateral layer )
• Splenius Agonist Movments

  Cervical extension, lateral flexion, rotation
• Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) Agonist Movements

  Cervical flexion, lateral flexion, rotation
• Thoracic and Lumbar Nerves:

  Rectus abdominis, Internal/External obliques, Quadratus lumborum
• Posterior Spinal Nerves:

  Erector spinae group
• Cranial and Cervical Nerves:

  Sternocleioastoid & splenius
• Neck Muscle

  Sternocleiomastoid
• Back of the head muscle

  Splenius
• 3 back muscles

  Spinalis(closes to the spine)

  Longissimus (middle )

  iliocostalis (most lateral)
• Muscle attached to the vertebra

  Quadratus Lumborum
• 6 pack

  Rectus Abdominis
• Outer Abdominal muscles

  External Oblique
• What is the "deep" abdominal muscle name?

  Internal Oblique
• Largest area of the Abdominal region

  Transverse abdominis
• Name of the central pulpy substance of the intervertebral disks of the spine

  Nucleus pulposus
• Only the agonist muscle of the Cervical Flexion

  sternocleidomastoid (SCM)
• movement where the head moves from a laterally flexed position back to a neutral position

  Cervical Reduction
• Anatomical name of the first joint in the vertebral column

  Atlanto-occipital joint
• Name the joint between C1 and C2

  Atlantoaxial joint
• An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is referred to as what

  Scoliosis