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• qualitative research design


  focuses of understanding the subjective experiences
• research question


  begins with broad question that seeks to explore a phenomenon
• data collection 


  use various methods to collect data
• sampling


  use purposive or theoretical sampling
• data analysis


  involves systematic examination
• validity and reliability


  qualitative research does not prioritize statistical generalizability
• reporting


  typically presented in a narrative descriptive format
• ethnography


  studying in cultural groups
• case study


  focus on a single matter and collect data thru interviews, observation
• historical study


  best option for research thoroughly exploring the past
• phenomenology


  deals with lived experience
• grounded theory


  qualitative methodology that systematically generates theory from data
• sampling


  process of selecting participants
• qualitative sampling


  smaller set of cases and selects from a large population
• probability sampling (unbiased)


  uses a sample frame that represents the population, every member is given a chance to be selected
• simple random sampling


  best type of probability selection depends solely on chance
• systematic sampling


  the list of the population is in random order, everyone has an equal chance
• cluster sampling


  entails dividing the population
• non-probability sampling


  valid for selecting participants
• convenience


  participants who readily available
• voluntary response


  participants who self-select or volunteer
• snowball sampling


  relies on existing study participants who meet the study's criteria
• quota sampling


  selecting participants to fulfill quotas
• purposive communication

  selecting based on specific characteristics relevant to the research
• Sampling


  Process of selecting participants that will answer the questions
• Newman


  Sampling aims to obtain a sample that reflects a larger population
• Baraceros (2016)


  Sampling errors occur when "the selection does not take place in the way it is planned"
• Sample


  Respondents you will gather data from
• Population


  Larger group you got your sample from
• Sampling frame


  All the population members where you will get your sample
• Quantitative research


  Apply research results to a larger population
• Qualitative research


  In-depth understanding and exploration of specific experiences, behaviors, or phenomena
• Heterogeneous group


  Requires larger sample size
• Homogenous group


  Requires smaller sample size
• Probability sampling


  Uses the sampling frame that represents the population
• Simple Random Sampling


  Best type of probability sampling
• Systematic Sampling


  Selects every nth element
• Stratified Sampling (also known as Quota Random Sampling)


  Divide the population into subcategories, called strata
• Cluster Sampling


  Dividing the population into clusters, commonly used in quantitative research
• Non-Probability Sampling


  Does not make use of random selection but rather chooses subjects based on either the availability of the participants