Middle Childhood and Adolescence

• Middle childhood brings a transitional stage of Coregulation, in which parents exercise general supervision and children exercise moment-to-moment self-regulation
• child who received many positive nominations from other children, good cognitive abilities and high achievers, kind and help others, as well as extraverted and express more positive emotions

  Popular child
• Children who are often rejected (receive a large number of negative nominations) or neglected (receive few nominations of any kind)

  Unpopular children
• Children who do not receive an unusual number of either positive or negative nominations

  Average children
• children who receive many positive and negative nominations, indicating that some children like them a great deal and some dislike them a great deal.

  Controversial children
• aggression aimed at achieving objective less common on middle childhood (only common during pre-school) 

  instrumental aggression
• aggression intended to hurt another person (verbal rather than physical)

  hostile aggression
• Factors that contributes to physical aggression at age 6-12:

  • Being a boy
  • Having reactive temperament
  • Parental separation
  • Early onset of motherhood
  • Controlling parenting
• Relational aggression. Harming another person’s social status and damaging relationships. (ex. Spreading malicious gossip about a friend)
• Tendency to perceive others as trying to hurt one and to strike out in retaliation or self-defense

  hostile attribution
• bullying done to show dominance, bolster power, or win admiration

  proactive bullying
• bullying that responding to a real or imagined attack.

  Reactive Bullying
• Children who weather adverse circumstances, function well despite challenges or threats, or bounce back from traumatic events.

  RESILIENT CHILDREN
• sharing or sending sexually explicit or suggestive photos or videos to others

  sexting
• Begins in infancy and continues throughout adolescence which t involves the struggle for autonomy and differentiation, or personal identity.

  Individuation
• structured groups of friends who do things together—become more important 

  cliques
• larger type of grouping that is not based on personal interactions but on reputation, image, or identity

  crowd