energy transfers between organisms

• HOW ARE LEAVES ADAPTED FOR PHOTOSYNTHEIS ;

  1]large surface area - to absorb light

  2]thin - short diffusion pathway for gases can diffuse in and out

  3]many chloroplasts - absorb sunlight

  4]xylem and phloem - transport water / mineral ions / sugars to the parts of the plant that need them.

  5]transparent cuticle allows light to pass through
• role of chloroplast in photosynthesis ;

  • the grana are stacks of thylakoids that contain chlorophyll and is the location of the light dependent reaction
  • the stroma is a fluid filled matrix where the light independent reaction takes place
• WHAT IS THE LIGHT ENERGY IN THE LDR USED FOR

  • adding Pi to ADP to form ATP
  • split water into protons and oxygen (photolysis)
• WHAT IS PHOTOLYSIS;

  the splitting of a water molecule using light energy
• WHAT IS PHOTOIONISATION;

  when light causes electrons to become excited, raising up an energy level and leaving the chlorophyll
• WHAT IS THE ENERGY RELEASED IN PHOTOIONISATION USED FOR;

  forming ATP and NADPH
• PRODUCTS OF LDR ;

  oxygen, ATP , NADPH
• HOW ARE CHLOROPLASTS ADAPTED TO PHOTOSYNTHESIS;

  -large granal surface area for the attachment of chlorophyll

  -proteins in grana hold chlorophyll for max absorption

  -granal membranes are selectivley permeable and form proton gradient. also have ATP synthases channels for ATP

  synthesis

  -contain DNA and ribosomes to form its own proteins