BLOOD DONOR PHLEBOTOMY

• Blood Donation


  Collection, testing, preparation, and storage of blood from donors who are usually volunteers
• Blood Transfusion Service (BTS)


  The services that provide blood products for transfusion
• One blood donation could save up to three (or four) lives
• Where donated blood goes

  • General Surgery
  • General Medical, like chronic renal disease (dialysis)
  • Obstetric, like complicated delivery and cesarean section
  • Bleeding disorder, like dengue
  • Cancer, like leukemia
  • Accident and trauma
• Safe Blood Transfusion


  1. Donated by a carefully selected, healthy donor

  2. Free from infections that could be harmful to the recipient

  3. Processed by reliable methods of testing, component production, storage and transportation

  4. Transfused only upon need and for the patient's health and wellbeing
• Voluntary (non-remunerated) donation


  Donor donates blood of his own free will and receives no payment
• Allogenic donation


  Donor donates blood voluntarily to be used by anyone in need
• Autologous Donation


  Individual gives blood for his own use - for example, before a surgery. Minimum of 72 hours to prevent infection and contamination because it's your own blood.
• Directed Donation


  Donor donates blood for the benefit of a particular person, like family or friend
• Apheresis


  Process of removing a specific component of the blood, (such as platelets, red blood cells, plasma) and returning the remaining components to the donor
• The Blood Donation Process

  Donor Screening

  2. Donor Registration

  3. Medical History

  4. Donor Interview

  5. Physical Examination

  6. Guidance on Venipuncture for Blood Donation

  7. Preparing the Venipuncture Site

  8. Collecting the Unit

  9. Adverse Events in Blood Donation

  10. Donor Care Post Phlebotomy

  11. Donor Blood Processing

  12. Donated Blood Labeling
• Donor Screening


  Process of assessing the suitability of an individual to donate blood or blood components against defined selection criteria
• Donor Registration


  Essential information collected includes full name, date of birth, gender, address and contact details. A unique donor number is assigned.
• Medical History


  The donor will have to confirm if he/she has any health issues and disease risk factors. The donor questionnaire is a key tool in donor selection.
• Donor Interview


  The donor will have a brief interview to ensure they have met the general donor requirements. Pre-donation counselling is an integral part of the donor interview.
• Physical Examination


  A short health exam including pulse, temperature, blood pressure, and hemoglobin/hematocrit testing. Doctors will approve or defer the donor.
• Donor Deferral


  Non-acceptance of a potential blood donor to donate blood or blood components, either temporarily or permanently, based on general health or medical condition or the risk of exposure to pathogens
• Self-deferral


  The decision by a potential donor to defer himself from donation of blood or blood components
• Reasons For Deferral


  • Anyone who has ever used intravenous drugs (illegal IV drugs)

  Men who have had sexual contact with other men

  Anyone who has ever received clotting factor concentrates

  Anyone with a positive test for HIV (AIDS virus)

  Men and woman who have engaged in sex for money or drugs

  Anyone who has had hepatitis
• Temporary Deferral


  • Pregnancy up to 6 months following delivery or termination

  Recent alcoholic intake - accept if no signs of intoxication

  Ear or body piercing and tattooing Defer for 12 months

  Minor surgery until treatment is complete and successful

  Major surgery - 12 months

  Defer permanently following neurosurgical procedure
• Permanent Deferral


  • Cancer

  Cardiac disease

  Severe lung disease

  Hepatitis B and C

  HIV infection, AIDS or Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD)

  High risk occupation (e.g. prostitution)

  Unexplained weight loss of more than 5 kg over 6 months

  Chronic alcoholism

  Other conditions or disease stated in the Guide to Medical Assessment of Blood Donors
• During Donation Process

  Guidance on Venipuncture for Blood Donation

  7. Preparing the Venipuncture Site

  8. Collecting the Unit
• Post-Donation Process


  Adverse Events in Blood Donation

  10. Donor Care Post Phlebotomy

  11. Donor Blood Processing

  12. Donated Blood Labeling
• Adverse Events in Blood Donation


  The healthcare personnel monitors the donor for adverse effects during and after the blood collection. Vasovagal syncope and hematoma are the most common donor reactions.
• Donor Care Post Phlebotomy


  Ask the donor to relax, inspect the venipuncture site, ensure the donor can stand up without dizziness, offer refreshments, and advise the donor on post-donation care.
• Procedure after venipuncture for blood donation

  1. Inspect the venipuncture site if it is not bleeding, apply a bandage to the site; if it is bleeding, apply further pressure

  2. Ask the donor to sit up slowly and ask how the person is feeling

  3. Ensure that the person can stand up without dizziness and without a drop in blood pressure

  4. Give water to the donor before and after the donation

  5. Offer the donor some refreshments and thank the donor
• Advice to donor after blood donation


  1. Increase fluid intake for the next 24 to 48 hours

  2. Avoid strenuous physical exertion

  3. Avoid heavy lifting or pulling with the donation arm for about five hours

  4. Eat well balanced meals for the next 24 hours

  5. Avoid smoking and alcohol consumption
• Feeling light-headed


  Lie down until the feeling passes
• Bleeding occurs after removal of the bandage


  Apply pressure to the site and raise your arm for three to five minutes
• Hematoma


  Apply a cold pack periodically to the bruised area during the first 24 hours, then warm, moist heat intermittently
• Donor Blood Processing


  The collected blood unit is prepared and placed in the proper container for transport to the processing area
• Donated Blood Labeling


  The information indicated on the label found in the blood unit must be double-checked. It should be complete and accurate
• Minimum requirements for venipuncture for blood donation equipment


  • Blood pressure monitors
  • Scales
  • Donor couches, chairs, beds
  • Blood collection mixers
  • Blood bag sealers
  • Blood transportation boxes
  • Blood bank refrigerators
• Equipment and supplies should be properly maintained and regularly calibrated and ready to use
• Furniture and equipment


  • Made of cleanable surfaces (e.g. vinyl rather than fabric)
  • Containers used to transport supplies and specimens should also be cleanable by disinfectants such as sodium hypochlorite bleach solutions
  • Fabric or textile carriers should be machine washable
• Collection Unit


  • Closed collection system with a sterile blood collection bag containing anticoagulant, and with an attached tube and needle
  • Some bags include diversion pouches to collect the first 20 ml of blood collected, to minimize contamination from skin flora and the skin core
  • Single blood bag: whole blood collection
  • Double blood bag: red blood cells and plasma
  • Triple blood bag: red blood cells, plasma and platelets
  • The blood will only go to the primary bag then it will be centrifuged and then the components will be transferred to the attached bag
• Anticoagulant and Preservative

  • CPD (citrate–phosphate–dextrose) or CPDA1(CPD plus adenine)
  • Citrate: prevents clotting by chelating calcium
  • Phosphate compound: stabilizes the pH
  • Dextrose: provides energy to the cells
• Location

  • Sufficient size, with separate areas for clean and dirty processes, with clean running water, and surfaces cleanable by disinfectants
  • Floors should not be carpeted
  • Waiting areas should be outside the collection area
  • Fixed and mobile blood donation sites should be safe, clean, hygienic and tidy, met standards of environmental safety
  • Organized; ensures the safety of blood donors, staff and donated blood units, and avoids errors in the blood donation process
• Procedure and necessary reminders while doing venipuncture for blood donation

  1. Identify the Donor and Label the Collection Bag and Test Tubes

  2. Select the Vein

  3. Perform Hand Hygiene and Wear Well-fitting Gloves

  4. Disinfect the Donor's Skin

  5. Perform the Venipuncture

  6. Monitor the Donor and the Donated Unit

  7. Remove the Needle and Collect the Laboratory Samples
• Procedure in collecting blood samples for donor unit laboratory testing

  1. Place blood in evacuated tubes for testing

  2. Invert tubes with additives