TFN QUIZ

• Self-Care Deficit Theory / Orem Model of Nursing


  When an adult patient requires the existence of nursing, it implies the absence of self-care, which is therapeutic in sustaining life. When it is a young patient that requires it, it is the parents' inability to maintain the quality of care for the child.
• Self-care deficit


  Nursing is needed
• Self-Care Requisites


  • Universal: life processes and maintenance of human structure and functioning
  • Developmental: either specialized expressions of universal requisites or new requisites
  • Health deviation: required in injury, illness, or disease
• The Science of Unitary Human Beings

  Unitary human beings are irreducible entities, and are integral/inseparable with the environment when addressing health and treatment
• Human beings


  Indivisible, pan-dimensional energy field identified by pattern
• Subconcepts

  • Openness: energy flow has no limits
  • Pandimensional: allows the explanation for paranormal phenomenon
  • Pattern: characteristic of energy field (ex. human behavior)
• Principles


  • Homeodynamics: dynamic version of homeostasis
  • Reciprocity: inseparability of man and environment
  • Synchrony: change in human behavior is determined by the interaction of human field and environmental field
  • Integrality (Synchrony + Reciprocity)
• Theory of Goal Attainment


  Nurse and client communicate, set goals together, and implement actions to achieve those goals
• Interacting Systems


  • Personal: each individual (patient or nurse)
  • Interpersonal: human beings interacting
  • Social: interacting systems of groups (society)
• Behavioral System Model / System Model of Nursing


  Nursing is the force that preserves the integration of the patient under those conditions wherein the behavior is a threat to the optimal social and physical health—dysfunctional behavior leads to illness.
• Behavioral Subsystems


  • affiliative
  • dependency
  • ingestive
  • eliminative
  • sexual
  • aggressive
  • achievement
• Goals of Nursing


  • Assist the patient whose behavior is proportional to social demands
  • Assist the patient who can modify his behavior in ways that supports biological imperatives
  • Assist the patient who can benefit to the fullest extent during illness from the physician's knowledge and skills
  • Assist the patient whose behavior does not give evidence of unnecessary trauma as a consequence of illness
• The Neuman Systems Model


  Patient's relationship to stress, response, and reconstitution factors
• Defense


  • Stress – Flexible line of defense – Normal line of defense (good immune system) – Line of resistance – Core
• Stressors


  • Extrapersonal (financial, loss of job)
  • Interpersonal (conflicts w/ family)
  • Intrapersonal (depression/negative behaviors)
  • Core
• Nursing prevention interventions

  • Primary prevention (health education)
  • Secondary prevention (reduce complications risks)
  • Tertiary prevention (maintain health after recovery)
  • Core
• Adaptation Model of Nursing


  An individual is a set of interrelated systems that maintain balance
• Stimuli


  • Focal: pain
  • Contextual: root cause of the pain
  • Residual: outside the cause but could affect the patient
• Coping mechanism


  • Cognator: how a patient adapts through psychological factors; uses brain
  • Regulator: how a patient adapts through physiological factors; how the body adjusts (biological processes)
• 4 adaptive modes

  • Physiological
  • Self-concept
  • Role function
  • Interdependence
• Effective response

  • Adaptive: effective
  • Maladaptive: ineffective
• Interpersonal Relations Theory


  Nurse-client relationship is the foundation of nursing practice—PARTNERSHIP
• Therapeutic Nurse-Client Relationship Phases

  • Orientation Phase
  • Identification Phase
  • Exploitation Phase
  • Resolution Phase
• Nurse's roles

  • stranger
  • resource person
  • teacher
  • leader
  • surrogate
  • counselor
  • technical expert
• Levels of Anxiety


  • Mild: positive state of heightened awareness
  • Moderate: decreased perceptual field
  • Severe: with feelings of dread and terror
  • Panic: loss of rational thought; delusions & hallucinations
• Care, Cure, Core / 3 C's of Lydia Hall


  Care: sole essence of the nurse

  Cure: in collaboration with medical health/medical treatment

  Core: central essence/the patient
• Loeb Center prevents patients from experiencing psychological difficulties
• Nursing Need Theory


  states the importance of increasing the patient's independence to speed up their progress—PRACTICE SELF CARE
• 14 Components


  • Breathe
  • Eat & drink
  • Eliminate wastes
  • Posture
  • Sleep & rest
  • Clothes – dress and undress
  • Body temperature
  • Clean body
  • Avoid dangers & avoid injuring others
  • Communicate & express
  • Worship
  • Work with goals
  • Join recreation
  • Learn, discover, or satisfy curiosity
• Human-to-Human Relationship Model/Interpersonal Theory of Nursing


  states that the purpose of nursing is to help & support individuals to prevent/cope with the struggles of illness
• Nurse: care as human, unexplainable
• Illness: inevitable, disease is natural
• Communication: process used for treatment/providing care
• At end of life, nurses should be emotionally present and not show affection/emotions when patients are on the verge of death
• 21 Nursing Problems Theory


  disease-centered approach — patient-centered approach

  health is focused on both mind and body
• Nursing Problems = Client's Needs


  • Basic Needs: Hygiene, Optimal activity, Safety (injuries, traumas), Good body (prevent deformity)

  Sustenal Care Needs: Oxygen supply, Nutrition, Elimination, Fluid balance, Physiologic response to disease, Maintain regulation, Sensory function

  Remedial Care Needs: Expressions, feelings, and reactions, Emotions and organic illness, Effective communication, Interpersonal relationship, Spiritual goals, Therapeutic environment, Self-awareness

  Restorative Care Needs: Optimum goals with limitations, Community resources, Role of social problems
• Overt vs Covert

  Overt - observable

  Covert - hidden
• Dorothea Orem


  Self-Care Deficit Theory / Orem Model of Nursing
• Baltimore, Maryland


  July 15, 1914
• When an adult patient requires the existence of nursing


  It implies the absence of self-care, which is therapeutic in sustaining life