controlling blood glucose, diabetes and kidneys

• describe function of pancreas

  monitor and control blood glucose concentration
• describe process of too high blood glucose

  1. pancreas detect too high
  2. pancreas secrete insulin
  3. insulin cause glucose move into cells
  4. liver and muscle cells convert glucose to glycogen
• describe process of too low blood glucose concentration

  1. pancreas detect too low level
  2. pancreas secrete glucagon
  3. glucagon causes glycogen to convert back to glucose
  4. glucose release into blood
• describe type 1 diabetes

  pancreas produce insufficient insulin
• give treatment to type 1 diabetes

  insulin injections, regular exercise and carb controlled diet
• describe type 2 diabetes

  body cells become resistant to insulin from pancreas
• give treatments to type 2 diabetes

  regular exercise and carb controlled diet
• describe function of kidneys

  remove waste product and maintain water and ion balance
• describe formation of waste product

  urea formed through deamination - excess amino acid converted to ammonia converted to urea
• give stages of kidney function

  filtration and selective reabsorption
• describe effect of adh

  increase permeability of kidney tubules
• give process of too low water content

  1. pituitary gland secrete adh
  2. adh increase permeability of kidney tubule
  3. more water reabsorbed into blood
  4. higher water content in blood
• give treatments to kidney failure

  kidney organ transplant and kidney dialysis
• describe kidney transplant

  healthy kidney transplanted to patient
• give negatives of kidney transplant

  • risk of rejection
  • need for medication
  • long waiting lists
• describe kidney dialysis

  filters patients blood using dialysis fluid with same concentration as healthy blood causing waste to diffuse out of blood
• give negatives of kidney dialysis

  • expensive
  • time consuming
  • risk of infection
  • risk of blood clot