dna

• describe dna

  chemical forming genetic material contained in chromosomes
• describe a gene

  small section of dna coding for particular sequence of amino acids to make specific protein
• describe genome

  entire genetic material of an organism
• give importance of understanding human genome

  • link genes to disease
  • understand and treat inherited disorders
  • trace human migration patterns
• describe structure of dna

  double helix of two polymer strands of nucleotide monomers
• give components of nucleotide

  • sugar
  • phosphate
  • base (A+T and C+G)
• describe affect of base sequence

  1. three base code for one amino acid
  2. base sequence code for amino acid sequence
  3. amino acids form proteins
• describe process of protein synthesis

  1. gene copied on mrna
  2. mrna move from nucleus to ribosome
  3. carrier molecules bring complimentary base pairs and amino acid to mrna
  4. amino acid join and form protein
• give different types of proteins

  • enzymes
  • hormones
  • structural proteins
• describe mutation 


  random change to dna base sequence that mostly have little effect
• give type of mutation

  • substituition
  • insertion
  • deletion
• describe serious affect of mutation

  1. change base sequence
  2. change amino acid sequence
  3. change protein shape
  4. change protein ability to perform function