conditioning techniques to control the behaviour of child

• conditioning techniques are appropriate-Home


  Supernanny-Jo Frost-taught parents to use the naughty step with their children-creates punishment(operant conditioning)so that the child associates the bad behaviour with the naughty step.This type of conditioning only works if the parents also make a fuss about the things the child also does right-positive reinforcement.
• Gill


  Parents encouraged chore completion with positive reinforcement(money)or postponement of pocket money(punishment)

  Children ended up completing 20% of household chores.

  (are appropriate-Home)
• Rekers and Lovaas


  Kraig-5 years old

  many feminine behaviours,parents wanted to eliminate these behaviours for more masculine ones.

  He was positively reinforced while he did masculine activities and his feminine behaviour was ignored.

  By the end of the study,he was more masculine

  (are appropriate-Home)
• Not appropriate-Home


  The naughty step is frequently criticised by childcare experts,often due to inconsistency.Parents are too busy to keep on top of the naughty step,means its unlikely to be effective.
• Morris


  Naughty step causes long term emotional effect,children dont have the same ability to reflect on behaviour as adults do

  Negative impact on development

  (not appropriate-Home)
• Kraig


  Took his own life at the age of 38.

  The study took away his free will

  His mother claimed the therapy ruined his life,he was changed into someone he didnt want to be.

  (not appropriate-Home)
• Are appropriate-School

  Schools use operant conditioning to control childs behaviour

  positive reinforcement-Stickers,house points

  The child learns which behaviours are good and bad due to punishment and reinforcement.
• McAllister


  Looked at inappropriate talking in english high school classrooms.

  The more praise and disapproval the teacher gave,the less inappropriate talking.The control group ,where there was no praise or disapproval,there was no decrease in inappropriate talking.

  (is appropraite-School)
• Le francois


  classical conditioning improves performance.

  When students are surrounded by pleasant stimuli-nice smells,laughter-they had a more positive feeling towards their work.

  Unpleasant stimuli-shouting-they had a negative attitude.

  Halo effect

  (are appropraite-School)
• not appropriate-School


  Reawards and punishment are harmful to a childs development and can interfere with a childs internal drive to learn.
• Lepper et al


  conducted research on nursery children.

  When told to draw a nice picture and they would get rewarded for it,they took twice as long to draw the picture as they did when told they wouldnt be rewarded.

  Internal drives are ruined at a young age.

  (not appropriate-School)
• Dweck


  Children who were praised for doing well on a maths test,later did worse on a harder test,they easily have up.

  Those who were told they were lazy did better on the harder test.

  Suggests that rewards dont always mean better performance.

  (not appropriate-School)
• are appropriate-Peers


  Similar age in development,we are conditioned by them due to imitating their behaviour so we aint criticised by them.

  Negative reinforcement-Doing something our peers tell us to do to avoid embarrassment.
• Banduras Learning theory


  social factors have impact on our behaviour,if someone sees their role model smoking they will also join in so they will be rewarded with a higher status

  (is appropriate-Peers)
• Glaser et al


  the type of friendship matters,if peers are closer,they have a greater impact on each other behaviours

  (is appropriate-Peers)
• not appropriate-Peers


  a peers influence is not always desirable
• Bricker et al


  10 year olds were more likely to smoke if their peers did,positive reinforcement isnt always good
• Ennett and Bauman


  Individuals choose their friends based on if they engage in similar behaviour(smoking) or influence each other(to smoke)
• are appropriate-Vulnerable groups of children


  used for many psychological and medical conditions,makes their behaviour more 'normal'
• Lovaas


  applied behaviour analysis(ABA),increases frequency and quality of social interaction for autism.

  Children will have 1-1 therapy and are rewarded for good behaviour but eventually the number of rewards die down so eventually behaviour becomes normal without the need of rewards.

  (are appropriate-Vulnerable groups of children)
• Chaney et al


  'funhaler',an inhaler that is fun to use,after 2 weeks of using parents reported fewer problems and a more positive response to the inhaler.

  (is appropriate-Vulnerable groups of children)
• Not appropriate-Vulnerable groups of children


  Lovaas ABA method has many methodological flaws,children were not randomly selected whether in the experimental or control group,leading to bias,lack of validity.

  Time consuming (40 hours a week) and costly
• Anderson et al


  Found 20 hours a week was enough contact to see an improvement.

  (not appropriate-Vulnerable groups of children)
• Wachtel and McCold


  disagree with the use of token economies in prisons,normal behaviour (being rewarded)can encourage offenders to re offend.This type of behaviour should resume after they leave prison.

  Such techniques only treat symptoms-undesirable behaviours re-emerge.

  (not appropriate-Vulnerable groups of children)