1.9 ATP

• Energy is used for:

  • metabolism
  • movement
  • active transport
  • secretion
  • maintenance
  • cell division
  • activation of molecules
  • production of proteins + chemicals
• ATP is an immediate energy source because of the instability of phosphate bonds - they contain energy and release it when the bonds are broken. This means energy is released in small, manageable amounts.
• Adenosine Triphosphate is made up of adenine, a ribose sugar, and three inorganic phosphates.
• ATP is hydrolysed by ATP hydrolase which breaks the bond between the second and third phosphate, releasing energy, forming ADP and inorganic phosphate.
• ADP stands for adenosine diphosphate, which is a nucleotide that is a precursor to ATP.
• ATP stands for Adenosine Triphosphate, which is a molecule that is used to store energy in cells.
• Photophosphorylation ----> occurs in chlorophyll molecules during photosynthesis.
• Oxidative phosphorylation ----> occurs in mitochondria during respiration.
• ATP is a suitable energy source for cells because it releases energy in small, manageable amounts.
• ATP is broken down by ATP hydrolase.
• ATP is synthesised by ATP synthase.
• The ATP cycle ----> ATP broken down into ADP and Pi by ATP hydrolase in a hydrolysis reaction. ADP is is catalysed by ATP synthase in a condensation reaction to produce ATP and water.
• ATP has 3 phosphate groups whereas DNA only has 1.
• ATP has ribose sugar whereas DNA has a deoxyribose sugar.
• ATP and DNA both have at least one phosphate group.
• ATP and DNA both have at least one base attached.