NSTP

• Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)


  A systematic approach to identifying, assessing and reducing the risks of disaster
• Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)


  Aims to reduce socio-economic vulnerabilities to disaster as well as deal with the environmental and other hazards that trigger them
• Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)


  The conceptual framework of elements considered with the possibilities to minimize vulnerabilities and disaster risks throughout a society, to avoid (prevention) or to limit (mitigation and preparedness) the adverse impacts of hazards, within the broad context of sustainable development
• Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)


  The concept and practice of reducing disaster risks through analysis and management of the causal factors of disasters
• Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)


  • Leads to reduced exposure to hazards
  • Lessening of vulnerability of people and assets
  • Effective management of land and the environment
  • Improved preparedness for adverse events
• Basic Principles of DRR


  • Development can either increase or decrease disaster risk
  • Disaster risk reduction policy, laws and regulations will NOT save lives unless correctly implemented in communities
  • The "community" Is the front line of disaster risk management
  • Disaster risk reduction is not a " stand alone" activity – it cuts across almost all categories of human activity
  • Integrating disaster reduction at the national, provincial and community levels takes a long time to achieve
  • DRR must become a normal part of the decentralized development process
• Elements of Disaster Risk Reduction


  • Prevention
  • Mitigation
  • Adaptation
  • Preparedness
  • Response
  • Recovery
• Prevention


  The outright avoidance of adverse impacts of hazards and related disasters
• Mitigation


  The lessening or limitation of the adverse impacts of hazards and related disasters
• Adaptation


  The adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects, which moderates harm or exploits beneficial opportunities
• Preparedness


  The knowledge and capacities developed by governments, professional response and recovery organizations, communities and individuals to effectively anticipate, respond to, and recover from, the impacts of likely, imminent or current hazard events or conditions
• Response


  The provision of emergency services and public assistance during or immediately after a disaster in order to save lives, reduce health impacts, ensure public safety and meet the basic subsistence needs of the people affected
• Recovery


  The restoration, and improvement where appropriate, of facilities, livelihoods and living conditions of disaster-affected communities, including efforts to reduce disaster risk factors
• Five priorities identified for action


  • To ensure that disaster risk reduction is a national and a local priority
  • To identify, assess, and monitor disaster risks and enhance early warning systems
  • To use knowledge, innovation, and education to build a culture of safety and resilience at all levels
  • To reduce the underlying risk factors
  • To strengthen disaster preparedness for effective response and recovery at all levels, from the local to the national
• Responsibility for disaster risk management does not lie with disaster managers alone. It is rather a concern for everyone - from citizens who must be empowered to make decisions which reduce risk, to political leaders, government institutions, the private sector, civil society organisations, professional bodies, and scientific and technical institutions
• Risk communication must be clear and simple. In our current times, to communicate risks effectively with populations, communities, families and individuals is essential for everyone to be better prepared when disaster and crisis hit. This is a challenging task, as normally people don't want to hear about "dangerous things"
• FOAM


  Used on solid fuel fires as well as flammable liquids
• WATER


  Used on paper, wood, coal, cardboard and other solid fuel fires
• WET CHEMICAL


  Used on combustible materials including paper, textiles, wood and similar materials
• WET CHEMICAL


  Used on flammable metals including potassium and uranium
• POWDER


  Used on any kind of fire except for Class F cooking oils
• CO2


  Used on flammable liquids and electrical fires
• FOAM


  Used on cooking oil fires as well as combustible solid materials
• POWDER


  Can be used on Class A, Class B, Class C, Class D, and Electrical fires
• CO


  Can be used on Class A, Class B, Class C, Class D, and Electrical fires
• POWDER


  Can be used on Class B and Electrical fires
• POWDER


  Can be used on Class A, Class F, and Electrical fires
• Class A


  Combustible materials including paper, textiles, wood and similar materials
• Class B


  Flammable liquids including petrol, oil and paint
• Class C


  Flammable gases including butane and methane
• Class D


  Flammable metals including potassium and uranium