Final

• Cas system pathway

  Virus inserts DNA into bacterial genome, RNA of that DNA is transcribed, then CRISPR guide RNA is created thereof. Cas receives guide RNA is able to then base pair with viral DNA for Cas to then act as Nuclease to destroy target DNA
• CRISPR DNA


  Are 4 repeats of palindromic DNA that can create cruciform. Hairpins in between the repeats are what are recognizable by Cas for guiding.
• PAM sequence spaced from target DNA by protospacer, and stabilized by Arg, allows locking with guide RNA for the denaturation of viral DNA.
• Nuclease hydrolysis

  Histidine stabilizes water in its attack of phosphate, where phosphate is hydrolyzed by reacting with water. A ion²⁺ also stabilizes this attack among the two broken phosphates with the help of acidic residues.
• In order to program CRISPR/Cas for gene editing, one must give guide RNA complimentary to target mutation site. Cell DNA repair pathways will use exogenous template for repair