RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

• The respiratory system’s primary function is to transport the oxygen
• Cellular respiration is the aerobic breakdown of glucose in the mitochondria to make ATP.
• Respiration is an everyday term that is often used to mean breathing.
• Respiratory systems what system allows animals to move oxygen (needed for cellular respiration) into body tissues and remove carbon dioxide from cells.
• Breathing is the actual mechanical intake of air
• During inspiration the diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract.
• During exhalation these muscles relax. The diaphragm domes upwards.
• Lungs are sealed in pleural membranes inside the chest cavity.
• At the bottom of the cavity is a large, flat muscle known as the diaphragm.
• When the rib cage lowers and the diaphragm relaxes, pressure in the chest cavity is greater than atmospheric pressure.
• Breathing is controlled by the medulla oblongata.
• The medulla oblongata monitors carbon dioxide in the blood.
• A network of capillaries surrounds each alveolus.
• The alveoli are moist, thin-walled pockets which are the site of gas exchange.
• Gas exchange takes place in the alveoli.
• The respiratory system’s primary role is to bring oxygen from the atmosphere into the bloodstream
• cardiopulmonary is the relationship between the heart and the lungs
• the body’s oxygen reserve lasts only about 4 to 6 minutes.
• Organs includes : Nose/nasal cavity, Mouth, Epiglottis, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Lungs, Bronchus, Bronchioles, Diaphragm
• Two separate processes of breathing: are Ventilation and Respiration
• Ventilation is the bulk movement of the air in and out of the terminal ends of the airways.
• Two types of Respiration: External and Internal
• the small air sacs are called alveoli
• combination of the alveolar wall and the capillary wall is called the alveolar–capillary membrane
• The functions of the upper airway include: Producing sounds or phonation, Filtering particles from the inspired gases, Providing for the sense of smell or olfaction.
• alveolar–capillary membrane is where the vital process of gas exchange takes place
• Sebum is a greasy substance secreted by the sebaceous glands of the nose.
• Hairs that act as the first line of defense for the respiratory system, these hairs are called vibrissae.
• The epithelial lining of the nasal cavity plays a very important role in keeping the respiratory system clean and free of debris.
• Cilia are hairlike projections that can beat at a fantastic rate.
• Hollow air-filled cavities is commonly called sinuses
• sinuses connects with the nasal cavity via small passageways.
• Sinuses also provide further warming and moisturizing of inhaled air.
• Sinuses help to lighten the heavy head that sits atop the neck.
• Pharynx is divided into 3 parts: nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
• The site of bifurcation into the right and left lung is called the Carina
• The alveolar layer that lowers surface tension to keep the alveoli expanded is the Surfactant layer
• The alveolar cell that allows for gas exchange is the squamous cell.