Science

• Volcano components


  • Summit
  • Slopes
  • Base
  • Magma Chamber
  • Main Vent
  • Conduit
  • Side Vent
  • Crater

  
• Eruption


  The violent expulsion of ash and gas from a volcanic vent
• Pacific Ring of Fire


  • It refers to a specific location in the pacific ocean where volcanic eruption and earthquakes occur
• Lava flow


  The movement of molten rock from a volcano or fissure eruption

  
• Flank


  The side of a volcano
• Vent


  An opening in the earth's surface through which volcanic materials are emitted

  
• Ash


  Fine, powdery particles of rock, mineral, or volcanic material ejected into the atmosphere by a volcanic eruption
• Pyroclastic materials


  Fragments of rock and lava expelled during a volcanic eruption

  
• Conduit - The underground central-tube-like or pipe like structure of a volcano.
• Side vent - A smaller outlet through which magma escapes.
• Crater - the mouth of a volcano, which is funnel-shaped or bowl shaped at the vent.
• Stratovolcano - formed by highly viscous or thick, slow moving lava.
• Caldera- a large crater and depression, formerly formed through stratovolcano.
• Shield Volcano - formed from low viscosity (thin) lava that flows easily.
• Cinder Cone - small cone-shaped volcanoes made up of cinders and ash.
• Active - have exhibited volcanic activity such as rumbling, crater glow, eruption, and earthquake.
• Potentially active - young looking and are suspected to generate seismic activities.
• Inactive - volcanoes which no historical records of eruptions and severely weathered and eroded.
• Hawaiian eruption - least violent type, highly fluid or runny lava flowing out a volcano's vent, lead to the formation of shield volcano.
• Strombolian eruption - violent marked by a continuous ejection of magma gas and results in the formation of volcanic bombs and cinder cones.
• Vulcanian eruption - viscous magma flows out of a volcanic vent, accompanied by a dense cloud of ash and gases that rises high into atmosphere.
• Plinian eruption - the most violent and explosive type of eruption, caused by the build up of viscous magma and dissolved gas and characterized by large ash and fast flowing pyroclastic flows and lahars.
• BLASTS

  Bursts trapped, hot

  gases that push their way through solid barriers within the earth surface.
• DOME GROWTH

  Cryptodome - a mound of lava that grows inside the crater.

  Exodome - a mound of lava that grows outside the volcano.
• VOLCANIC GASES

  Potentially Hazardous gases

  Water vapor (H2O), Hydrogen

  sulfide (H2S), Carbon dioxide (CO2) Nitrogen (N2), methane (CH4), Argon (Ar), Helium (He)
• Lahar - Also known as "mudflow" or flow of debris.

  Classified into two:

  Primary/hot flow- associated directly with eruption -Secondary/cold flow-occurs during rainfall
• PYROCLASTIC FLOW

  "pyro"-fire, "clasts" broken Rocks fragments ejected during volcanic eruptions

  Flow of the glowing hot material that moves down to the slope of erupting volcano.
• PYROCLASTIC SUNCE

  Dense, fast-moving masses of gases, ash, rock fragments, water extruded ejected during volcanic eruptions.
• TSUNAMIS

  Series of water waves caused by the

  displacement of large volumes of water.