chapter 10 medical term

• Cardiovascular system


  Responsible for delivering nutrients to cells and tissues throughout the body and for transporting waste products from the tissues to the organs of elimination
• Cardiovascular system


  • Exchange mechanisms in the digestive organs and lungs vary the circulating blood with the oxygen and other nutrients required for normal cellular function
  • Transports substances throughout the body, delivering them even to the most remote cells and tissues
  • Extracts byproducts of cellular metabolism from the tissues and transports these substances to the organs responsible for eliminating wastes
• Heart


  Muscular organ that pumps blood to all parts of the body
• Heart


  • Consists of two upper chambers (right atrium and left atrium) and two lower chambers (right and left ventricles)
  • Tricuspid valve located between the right atrium and the right ventricle
  • Bicuspid valve located between the left atrium and the left ventricle
  • Semilunar valves located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery and between the left ventricle and the aorta
  • Three layers: pericardium, visceral layer, and parietal layer
  • Pericardium is a two-layer sac covering the heart that is filled with pericardial fluid
  • Visceral layer lies closest to the myocardium
  • Parietal layer lines the pericardium
  • Myocardium is the middle, thick, muscular layer
  • Endocardium is the inner lining of the heart
• Blood vessels


  • Arteries
  • Arterioles
  • Aorta
  • Veins
  • Venules
  • Venae cavae
  • Capillaries
• Arteries


  Carry blood containing oxygen and other nutrients away from the heart to the cells
• Aorta


  Largest artery in the body
• Veins


  Carry blood containing carbon dioxide and other waste products to the heart
• Venae cavae


  Largest veins in the body (superior vena cava and inferior vena cava)
• Capillaries


  Tube-like structures that connect arterioles with venules and carry blood throughout the body