memory

• Cues


  Triggers or clues that serve as a reminder to the information
• Retrieval failure


  Forgetting due to an absence of cues. The memory is available but no longer accessible.
• Encoding – specificity principle

  Memory is most effective when aided by cues which were present at the time of encoding and at retrieval
• We need cues present at both encoding and retrieval stages to aid memory
• Context dependent forgetting


  Recall depends on something we see around us (Weather, place)
• State dependent forgetting


  Recall depends on the emotion you had when it happened
• Research into retrieval failure

  1. Deep sea-divers learn a list of words

  2. Learn on land/ recall on land

  3. Learn on land/ recall underwater

  4. Learn underwater/ recall on land

  5. Learn underwater/ recall underwater
• Research into retrieval failure

  1. Gave antihistamine drugs to participants

  2. Mild sedative effect – made them drowsy

  3. After, they asked them to recall a list of words

  4. Learn on drug/ recall on drug

  5. Learn on drug / recall not on drug

  6. Learn not on drug/ recall on drug

  7. Learn not on drug/ recall not on drug