Science 3 chapters ❣️

• Matter


  Anything that occupies space and has mass
• States of matter


  • Solid
  • Liquid
  • Gas
• Particles in a substance


  • Stay the same whether it is a solid, liquid or gas
  • What changes is the arrangement of the particles
• Boiling point


  The temperature at which a liquid changes into a gas throughout the liquid
• Diffusion


  Particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
• Plasma


  A gas that can carry an electric charge
• Physical change


  • No new substance is formed
• Chemical change


  • A new substance is formed
• Chemical changes


  • Burning a match
  • Rusting
• Reactants


  • Chemicals that react together
• Products


  • Substances formed from a chemical reaction
• During a physical or chemical change, the total mass of the substances does not change
• Dissolving


  Particles of a substance slip into the spaces between the particles in a liquid and mix together
• Solution


  When two substances mix completely through each other
• Solute


  The substance that dissolves
• Solvent


  The substance that does the dissolving
• Concentrated solution


  When there is a lot of solute dissolved in the solvent
• Insoluble


  A substance that does not dissolve in a liquid
• Saturated solution


  A solution containing as much solute as possible at that temperature
• Solubility


  The amount of solute that can dissolve in 100g of the solvent at a given temperature
• Crystallization


  When a saturated, hot solution is cooled down, some of the solute comes out of the solution and forms crystals
• Mixture


  Substances mixed together but not chemically combined
• Filtration


  1. Use a sieve or filter paper

  2. Filter paper contains tiny pores which allow tiny particles through but block large ones
• Filtration


  Separates an insoluble solid from a liquid, for example soil and water
• Evaporation


  Heat the solution until the solvent (liquid) evaporates, leaving the solute (solid) behind
• Evaporation


  Separates a soluble solid and a liquid, e.g. salt and water
• Distillation


  Used when the two substances to be separated have different boiling points
• Distillation


  Method of separation that can be used on a soluble solid and its solvent, or on two miscible liquids (liquids that mix)
• Chromatography


  1. Different substances move through the paper at different rates or speeds

  2. Carried by a suitable solvent
• Chromatography


  Paper chromatography can be used to separate mixtures of substances that are in solution
• Uses of chromatography


  • Separating the dyes found in inks
  • Identifying blood samples