GEN BIO 4

• SYSTEMATICS


  is the scientific study of the diversity of organisms and their evolutionary relationships
• TAXONOMY 


  is the science of classification and it involves the naming of organisms (nomenclature)
• CLASSIFICATION


  is the arrangement of organisms into groups based on their similarities, which reflects evolutionary relationships among lineages.
• Artificial Classification System


  based on one or a few observable characteristics (color, how they move, habitat ortheir size).
• Natural Classification System


  based on many features, internal and external (anatomy, biochemical,physiological, morphology, embryology and cytology)
• Phenetic classification

  • based on similarities in appearanceit is a quantitative approach (the more similarities between organisms,the more they are in the same group)computer programs are used to analyze data and group organismsaccording to the number of shared characteristics.
• Phylogenic classification


  based on shared characteristics which reflects evolutionaryrelationships or phylogeny (evolutionary classification)
• Cladogram

  • used to trace the process of evolution in a group of organisms based on shared derivedcharacteristics.-help scientists understand how one lineage branched from another in the course ofevolution.-each branch point (node) represents the most recent common ancestor. The node-represents the divergence or splitting of two or more new groups from a commonancestor
• Taxon


  is a group that contains organisms that share some basic features that indicate they sharea common ancestry
• Kingdom


  the largest and most inclusive grouping such as animals, plants, fungi
• Phylum


  organisms organized on a similar plan
• Class


  a grouping of orders within a phylum
• Order


  a group of related families
• Family


  a group of related genera
• Genus


  a group of similar and closely related species
• Species


  a group of organisms capable of interbreeding to produce fertile offspring
• BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE

  • the system of naming.it is a standard two-part system for naming things
• Generic name


  the name of the genus (written with an uppercase letter).
• Specific epithet 


  the name of the species (written with a lowercase letter).* The two words are printed in italics (or underlined when handwritten)
• Domain Eukarya


  composed of protists, fungi, plants, and animals
• Domain Eubacteria 


  kingdom Eubacteria
• Domain Archaea


  kingdom Archaebacteria