TERMS

• Ancestral Land


  all lands exclusively and actually possessed, occupied, or utilized by indigenous cultural communities by themselves or through their ancestors
• Claimowner


  qualified person who has registered mining claims under previous mining laws or under the PD 463
• Contract Area


  land or body of water delineated for purposes of exploration, development, or utilization of the minerals found therein
• Contractor


  contract holders (MA / FTAA) under RA 7942
• • Critical Watershed


  drainage area of a river system, lake or water reservoir
• Forest Reservations 


  forest lands which have been reserved by President
• Lessee


  leaseholder, claim owner or operator as the context of PD463 indicates
• Permittee


  holder of an exploration permit
• Permit Holder


  hold Mineral Processing Permit
• • Private Land: any land belonging to any private person
• Public Land


  lands of the public domain which have been classified as agricultural lands and subject to management and disposition or concession under existing laws
• Service Contractor


  anyone who entered into an agreement to undertake a specific work related to mining or quarrying operations
• Factors to consider: VLLPECTAB
• Anomalies: areas with geophysical properties different from surrounding areas
• Carrying Capacity: capacity of natural and human environments to accommodate and absorb

  change without experiencing conditions of instability and attendant degradation
• Clarke of Concentration: average crustal abundance of elements
• Ecological Profile: geographic-based instruments for planners which represents description of

  the environmental setting including state of environmental quality and evaluation of the

  assimilative capacity of an area
• Enrichment Factor: multiplier by which the clarke of concentration is multiplied with so that the

  elemental concentration will be profitable for mining
• Background Value: normal value

  Threshold Value: “cut-off” value. Anomalous Value: above threshold value, wanted value
• Rock: aggregate of mineral

  Mineral: naturally occurring substance, usually inorganic, homogenous, have a definite chemical

  composition and organized crystal structure

  Waste rock: barren rock in the mine, you don’t want this . Host / Country rock: considered mother rock where the mineral is enclosed / deposited/ confined
• Gossans: ferruginous deposit filling the upper part of some mineral veins forming superficial

  cover over masses of pyrite

  o It consist mainly of hydrated iron oxides and has resulted from removal of sulfur as well as

  copper and other sulfides originally present
• Floats: mineral exposures consisting of loose or traces of mineral remnants found downslope of a

  mineral deposit
• Bedrock: any solid rock in place underlying a soil, clay or other overburden
• Gangue Mineral: valueless minerals associated in the ore, you don’t want this as well
• Talus: transported broken rocks by surface water flowing downslope
• Detrital Materials: consist of transported sand and gravel fragments
• Structure: well pronounced macroscopic features of rock
• Exposure: a wide body of rock mass that offer an indication of mineralization Outcrop: part of an exposure where minerals are found exposed to the surface
• Alteration: change in a rock mineral composition

  Gouge: soft, pulverized mixture of rock and mineral material found along shear (fault) zone Lode: fissure in consolidated rock filled with mineral, usually applied to metalliferous deposit
• Overburden Soil: Mixture of mineral & biologic matter covering

  o Residual Soil: may contain detectable dispersion patterns developed during the

  weathering of mineralization of underlying bedrock

  o Transported Soil
• Gouge


  Fine grain of rock pulverized along a fault
• Devices used in diamond drilling to locate and recover detached or lost drill bits

  • Sludge Collector
  • Core Barrel
  • Bit Splitter
  • Wireline
  • Fishing device
• Indicators of fault movement direction

  • Extent of oxidation
  • Direction of smooth surface
  • Direction of rough surface
  • Extent of sulfidization
  • Quantity of gouge generated
• Karst topography


  Typical of limestone formations
• Skarn


  Iron and/or copper deposits associated with replacement of limestones or dolomites
• Exploration methods applicable for locating and determining thickness of wet shears, clays and/or gravels

  • Polarity
  • Telluric
  • Magnetic
  • Gravity
  • Resistivity
• Reasons for tunneling after deposit exploration by drilling

  • To reconfirm drilling results
  • To obtain bulk samples for metallurgical testing
  • To increase confidence in reserve estimates
• Strike


  Direction of the line produced by the intersection of the plane surface at the horizontal plane
• Geophysical prospecting methods applicable and cheapest for establishing lateral extensions of shallow mineral deposits

  • Aerial magnetometer
  • Trenching
  • Diamond drilling
  • Seismic survey
  • Wireline drilling
• Nickel laterite


  Ore product of surface weathering or ultramatic rocks