key studies paper 1

• Principle of stratified diffusion


  Changes in family life start with higher social classes and trickle down
• parsons 


  functionalist research methods - secondary sources

  Key findings :

  1. primary socialisation children and taught the norms and values of society
  2. stabilisation of adult personalities family relieve stress of life
• zaretsky


  marxist research method: secondary sources

  Key findings:Family serves capitalism through

  1. women’s unpaid labour
  2. Passing on the advantage in families e.g. inheritance
  3. unit of consumption
• delphy and leonard 


  radical feminist research methods:secondary sources

  key findings: Family is patriarchal because

  1. Women are exploited economically-labour is used by the husbands
  2. Family is hierarchal-men at the top
  3. patriarchal family reflects a patriarchal of society
• oakley

  feminist secondary sources

  key findings: analyses a conventional conventional family finding:

  1. Women are expected to do unpaid work
  2. people expect happiness but the nuclear family is stressful
  3. middle-class-more family diversity
• Rapaport and Rappaport

  secondary sources

  key findings: family diversity there are five types
• Cultural


  Cultural differences/religious differences
• social class


  class differences
• cohort


  historical differences
• Life course


  Differences in the life-cycle of the family
• Willmott and young


  functionalists research method survey; face-to-face structured interviews

  Key findings:

  found that the family was becoming more symmetrical-similar but not identical roles, equal contribution to household work, and shared decision making.Home centred ·Principal stratified affusion: changes in the family life start of the higher social classes and trickle down
• Durkheim


  functionalist research methods: secondary sources

  Key findings

  1. main function of education is to transmit and teach shared norms and values to field social cohesion
  2. this is achieved through lessons such as history which helps students see themselves as part of a big society
  3. teaches children specialise skills for work
• Parsons


  Functionalist sociologist
• Functionalist research methods


  • Secondary sources
• School


  • Agent of socialisation
  • Bridge between family and society
  • Promotes values of achievement and equality of opportunity
• Particularistic standard


  Individual standard
• Universalistic standard


  Same standard applied to everyone
• Children have ascribed status in families but in schools everyone is charged by the same universalistic standards
• Role allocation and meritocracies


  • Education matches individuals to future jobs based on ability
  • In a meritocracy the most able reach the top jobs
• bowlr and gintis


  Marxist research method: interviews and secondary sources

  key findings:

  1. there is a correspondence or similarity between work and school - it mirrors the workplace e.g uniform and hierarchy
  2. education creates an obdeiant at work force to serve capitalism
  3. this is done through the way schooling is structured and the hidden curriculum
  4. meritocracy is a myth
• willis


  marxist research method: case study participant obersvation.

  key findings:

  1. studied the lads and found an anti-school subculture after two years
  2. found they were not obedient but the subculture was similar to the working-class workplaces
• ball


  internationalist research methods: case study-participant observation and interviews.

  key findings:

  1. examine the way a mixed comprehensive school was organised-banding.
  2. working-class students were more likely to be on lower bands
  3. teachers have different expectations of the lower band-i.e. top students are encouraged to work hard
  4. Mixability classes were introduced which reduced but labelling still to happened
• ball, bowe and gewirtz

  research method: interviews in secondary sources

  key findings:

  1. parents choice and composition has increased inequalities in education
  2. middle class parents have more choice-greater cultural capital and material advantage
  3. School focus on image and results and compete with one another through results marketisation
• Halsey heath and ridge

  research method: face-to-face survey

  1. examine social class origins and educational destinations of a large survey of 8000 men
  2. respondents social class based on fathers occupation and divided into three types service immediate and working
  3. Service plus boy 11 times more likely to go to that university than working class