4.1

• Judgment


  Accepting one idea, rejecting the other
• Judgment


  The act of the mind in pronouncing the objective identity, or non-identity of one concept from another
• Prerequisites in Making Judgment


  1. There must be at least two or more concepts that exist

  2. In the act of comparing, the mind must examine the similarities and differences to verify the truth of falsity of the concept

  3. The mind must lay down its acceptance and rejection of the ideas
• Affirmation


  • This is a dog
• Rejection


  • This is not a dog
• Affirmation


  • All men are mortal
  • Some students are intelligent
  • Some politicians are corrupt
• Rejection


  • Some lawyers are not honest
  • PGMA is not a model president
  • Faral is not tall
• Proposition


  A judgment being expressed, or an expression of judgment
• Elements of a Proposition


  • Subject - term or group of terms spoken of
  • Predicate - the action that affirms or denies the subject
  • Copula - links the subject and verb
• Affirmative Proposition


  • All Cebuanos are Filipinos
• Negative Proposition


  • Some criminals are not punished
• Classification of Proposition


  • Quantity - universal or particular
  • Quality - affirmative or negative
• Universal Quantity


  • All flowers are fragrant
• Particular Quantity


  • Some politicians are corrupt
• Affirmative Quality


  • Filipino workers are the best in the world
• Negative Quality


  • Filipino politicians are not the right models for the young
• A


  Universal affirmative
• E


  Universal negative
• I


  Particular affirmative
• O


  Particular negative