Foreign Policy

• What was Somersets approach to foreign policy 


  He had an aggressive approach to Scotland
• Somerset’s failures in foreign policy

  Defeated at Battle of Pinkie September 1547

  • forts on border expensive to garrison
  • Failed to block Firths of Forth so French relieved Edinburgh
  • Mary Queen of Scot’s taken to France 1548
  • 1549 threat of French invasion lead to resentment in privy Council
• What was Northumberland’s approach to foreign policy

  Treaty of Boulogne 1550 where he received £133,333

  • abandoned remaining garrisons in Scotland
• What were Mary’s foreign policy aims

  Restore England to papal supremacy

  marry Philip of Spain
• when did Mary marry Philip

  January 1554 marriage treaty

  July- marriage takes place
• what were the key events in Englands war with France 1557-1559


  April 1557- Scarborough raid where French troops land in England causing England to declare war

  • England loss of Calais January 1558
  • attack on French port of Brest in summer 1558 failed
• How did Elizabeth end French war

  April 1559- Treaty of Cateau- Cambresis

  • French retain Calais for 8yrs then restored to England if peace maintained
  • French give £125,000 to England if it didn’t return Calais
• Why did Elizabeth get involved in Scotland

  In 1559 French started to garrison Scottish fortresses which alarmed John Knox and Lords of Congregation

  • Cecil supported intervention make England more secure and wider British state
• What did England do in Scotland

  December 1559- sent navy to Firth of Forth to stop French landing

  • Treaty of Berwick in February 1560 meant troops sent in March
  • Bloackade of Leith outside Edinburgh but siege failed
• What ended England’s involvement in Scotland 


  Mary of Guise died which lead to French withdrawal

  • Treaty of Edinburgh July 1560 meant Lord said Congregation got Provincial Councillor government
  • Francis II died in December so Mary’s influence of France ended
• Why did England intervene in France 


  In March 1562 conflicts between Catholics and Protestants in France

  • Dudley encouraged military pressure
• What did England do in France 1562

  Elizabeth promised Huguenot leader Prince of Condé 6000 men and £30,000 loan

  • March 1562 69 Huguenots during religious Service killed at Massacre of Vassy
• Why did English intervention in France fail under Elizabeth

  • Huguenot army defeated and Catholic leader Duke of Guise killed causing forced to unite against British
  • drove English out of Le Havre leading to Treaty of Troyes 1564
  • Elizabeth lost Calais