conflict and tension

• International Labour Organisation (ILO)


  Organisation that aims to improve working conditions
• Successes of the ILO


  1. 1822 - Brought an end to the use of child labour

  2. 1530 - Challenged slave labour in Tanganyika, Africa which had a 50% death rate, and got it reduced

  3. 1935 - Tried to pass a reduction in working hours but it was not passed
• Commission for Refugees


  Aimed to end slavery
• Successes of the Commission for Refugees


  1. Announced that slavery was to be abolished

  2. 1922 - Helped 427,000 prisoners of war return home from WW1

  3. 1923 - Helped 25 million Russians find new homes

  4. 1922 - Set up refugee camps when Turkey and Greece clashed, and provided doctors to help treat diseases
• Permanent Central Opium Board


  Aimed to help people who had lost their homes due to war and improve the refugee creating process
• failures of the commission for refugees

  The League tried to appoint a High Commissioner for refugees from Nazi Germany (mainly Jewish) in 1933 but the proposal was defeated as Germany rejected it
• Economic and Financial Committee


  Aimed to improve economic conditions
• Successes of the Economic and Financial Committee


  1. Sent financial experts to help Austria and Hungary not go bankrupt, and developed codes for importing and exporting so all members followed the same rules

  2. Failures: Could not cope with the global depression in 1929
• Health Committee


  Aimed to cure diseases
• Successes of the Health Committee


  1. Started an international campaign to kill mosquitoes which spread diseases such as malaria, and an education programme to teach people about how the diseases spread

  2. Sent doctors to look after refugees in Turkey and urged to improve living conditions in refugee camps

  3. Later named the World Health Organisation (WHO)
• Organisation for Communication and Transport


  Aimed to improve how countries worked together and regulated transport
• Successes of the Organisation for Communication and Transport


  1. Introduced shipping lanes which meant fewer collisions occurred

  2. Produced an international highway code so that car drivers followed the same traffic rules wherever they traveled
• British experience of ww1

  Lloyd George 'make Britain great again'

  British public angry and wanted revenge

  Many young men lost their life's
• USA experience of ww1

  -suffered least amount of casualties

  -made money selling weapons

  -No want for revenge
• German experience of ww1

  -economy destroyed

  -significant loss of life

  -told they were winning the war
• French Aims

  • wanted revenge for lives lost
  • Rhineland demiliterised
  • To protect border
  • reparations
  • Germany accept blame
• British Aims

  • cautious approach
  • not seek revenge
  • keep Germany as a trade partner
  • Reduce Navy
  • Reparations
• USA aims

  • wanted to be fair
  • 14 point plan
  • league of Nations
  • Public didnt want to be involved
• German Expectations

  • Public wanted to keep fighting
  • wanted the 14 point instead of TOV
• Territorial Changes

  • Colonies in Africa given to league of Nation
  • Saar given to league of Nations for 15 yrs
  • Germany lost 10% of land
  • Germany Spilt in 2 to allow Poland access to the sea
• Military Restrictions

  • no tanks (submarines)
  • 6 battleships, 15,000 men
  • Rhineland demilitertesed
  • 100,000 men
  • Conscription not allowed
• Reparations

  £6,600 million payed to winners of war
• Diktat

  Dictated peace not allowed to be Part of negotiations
• war guilt

  Germany and allies had to take fully responsibility for starting the war
• French Reactions advantages

  Germany took the blame

  Germany to pay high reparations

  Demilitarisation of the Rhineland
• French reaction disadvantage’s

  wanted harsher rules such as germany having no army
• British reaction advantages

  war guilt clause

  reparation payments

  naval supremacy

  empire grew
• British reactions disadvantages

  Feared the terms were too harsh

  Impacted trade
• USA reaction advantages

  Self-determination

  independence smaller countries league of Nations
• USA reaction disadvantages

  Ignored 14 points

  Germany seek revenge
• German objections

  Diktat

  13% of land given away

  Reduction of military

  Uncertainty of who would rule Germany

  War guilt clause

  16% of coal lost

  48% of steel lost
• problems faced by new states


  Mix of different nationalities

  Difficult for Poland to defend itself

  Poland surrounded by enemies, who wanted territory
• strengths of the treaty of versailles

  Reparation used to rebuild

  Peace to Europe

  France regained territory

  Each ally gained one of their aims

  New states created

  Independence of smaller countries
• weakness of the treaty of versailles

  War guilt clause unfairly blamed Germany

  Contradicted the 14 points

  Reparations crippled Germany’s economy

  New states not strong

  Treaty is not enforced

  None of the allies liked the outcome
• formation of the league of nations, 1919 (council)

  42 countries

  Four permanent members

  Veto stopped voting
• formation of the league of Nations (assembly)

  met once a year

  Every country has equal votes

  Chose what countries joined
• formation of the league of Nations (power)

  veto

  moral condemnation

  Settle international disputes

  League had no army
• formation of the league of Nations (membership)

  42 countries

  Four permanent members

  Germany, Austria and Russia not allowed
• Vilna

  Poland took Vilna which was originally Lithuanian

  Britain and France didn’t get involved
• Aaland Islands

  Finland and Sweden wanted war

  Island given to Finland

  Finland couldn’t attack sweden or build bases