Art app-Photography

• Photography


  The art of capturing light with a camera, usually via a digital sensor or film, to create an image
• The first permanent photograph ("View from the Window at Le Gras") was captured in 1826 (some sources say 1827) by Joseph Nicéphore Niépce in France
• Kodachrome film


  • Enabled color photography to become popular and accessible in the 1930s
• Joseph Nicéphore Niépce: '"The discovery I have made, and which I call Heliography, consists in reproducing spontaneously, by the action of light, with gradations of tints from black to white, the images received in the camera obscura."'
• Daguerreotype


  Images fixed directly to a heavily polished sheet of silver-plated copper
• Louis Daguerre: '"I have seized the light. I have arrested its flight."'
• Alfred Stieglitz


  • Believed that photographs could express the artist's vision just as well as paintings or music
• Alfred Stieglitz: '"In photography, there is a reality so subtle that it becomes more real than reality."'
• Dorothea Lange


  • One of the most prominent documentary photographers, her photos shaped the field of documentary photography and showed the camera's potential for telling powerful stories
• Dorothea Lange: '"The camera is an instrument that teaches people how to see without a camera."'
• Ansel Adams


  • Helped usher in an era of realism in landscape photography, and was an early champion of the environmentalism and preservation movements in the United States
• Ansel Adams: '"There is nothing worse than a sharp image of a fuzzy concept."'
• Shutter speed


  The amount of time your camera sensor is exposed to the outside world while taking a picture
• Aperture


  Represents a "pupil" in your lens that can open and close to let in different amounts of light
• ISO


  The sensitivity of the camera sensor to light
• A good ISO for a sunny day or bright setting is 100 or 200, 400 ISO for cloudy days or indoor shots, 800 ISO for indoors without an external light, and 1600+ ISO for low light situations
• The first photographic portrait ever taken was a self-portrait, or a "selfie", captured in 1839 by Robert Cornelius, an amateur chemist and photography enthusiast from Philadelphia
• The oldest photograph, "View from the Window at Le Gras", was captured by Joseph Nicéphore Niépce in 1826 or 1827
• The most common types of photography today include portrait, landscape, architecture, fashion, food, sports, wildlife, macro, street, event and documentary photography
• Photography as an art form


  • Requires imagination and creativity, captures emotions, requires analytical skills, requires understanding of physics, requires understanding of abstraction
• Focusing


  The process of making adjustments to the lens to find the maximum resolution, sharpness, and contrast for the chosen subject
• Photographic lighting


  How a light source, artificial or natural, illuminates the scene or subject that is photographed
• Exposure


  The amount of light which reaches the camera sensor, creating visual data over a period of time
• Framing


  The technique of drawing focus to the subject in the photo by blocking other parts of the image with something in the scene
• Rule of thirds


  A compositional guideline that breaks an image down into thirds (both horizontally and vertically) so you have nine pieces and four gridlines
• Leading lines


  Lines that lead the viewer's eye from one part of the composition to another, usually starting at the bottom of the frame and guiding the eye upward
• Frame in frame


  Positioning the main subject so it's framed by something else within the scene
• Negative space


  The areas of an image that are left open, such as the sky or other empty background
• Contrast


  The most common types are tonal contrast and color contrast, but can also be added in the form of textures and shapes
• Repetition and pattern


  Patterns and repetition can be eye-catching, and breaking the pattern can create a dramatic effect
• Shadows


  Can be used to add depth, texture, contrast, draw attention, and create a sense of drama or mystery
• Shallow depth of field


  The small or narrow area in an image that is in focus, with the background blurred
• Deep depth of field


  A larger area in focus, keeping more of the image sharp and clear
• Symmetrical balance


  A compositional technique used for creating visual balance in photos
• Asymmetrical balance


  A more difficult technique that creates visual interest through imbalance
• Ansel Adams: '"There are no rules for good photographs, there are only good photographs."'