SCIENCE

• Living organism -it provides the necessary energy and materials essential to maintain life
• All living organism need energy to function
• Plants trap - energy from the sun and convert it into chemical energy during photosynthesis
• The stored energy found in food called potential chemical energy
• During Digestion, the potential chemical energy stored in food is converted into kinetic energy
• Kinetic Energy -energy that an object has because of its motion or movement.
• Carbohydrates -are the main source for humans
• kcal or big letter C, wich is equal to 1000 calories
• Energy can also be derived from fats and proteins
• Vitamins are essential to prevent diseases such as rickets, scurvy, beriberi.
• Metabolism -refers to all the chemical reactions taking place inside an organism body
• Minerals such as calcium and phosphlorus compound are important in bone formation
• Basal Metabolism -the energy needed to carry out the vital activities of the body when it is at complete rest
• Fiber - found in vegies and fruit
• Nutrients -are molecules in food that nourish the body by providing energy and material essential for growth and development
• Nutrients includes:

  -carbohydrates

  -proteins

  -fats

  -vitamins

  -minerals

  -water

  -fibers
• A female young adult in her early 20s need aproximately 1800 to 2000 Calories a Day to maintain her metabolic needs
• Male needs 2200 to 2500 Calories per day
• Resulting in dry and hard feces that are difficult to excrete, A condition called Constipastion
• Proteins are used in the synthesis of

  -enzymes

  -hormones

  -antibodies

  to combat dieases
• These are the essential amino acids:

  -arginine -phenylalanine

  -histidine -threonine

  -methionine -valine

  -tryptophan -lysine

  -leucine -isoleucine
• Deficiency of proteins in the diet of children may lead to a disease called kwashiorkor
• Adult needs 50 to 100 grams of protein per day
• Fats are also energy-providing foods
• The body stores fats in adipose tissues
• blood vessels, called a disease atherosclerosis
• Vitamins are complex orgqanic molecules neede in small amounts and cannot be manufactured by the human body
• Fat-soluble vitamins can be stored in the fats of the body
• Water-soluble vitamins cannot be stored in the body
• physical digestion is the mechanical breakdown of food into smaller particles
• Chemical digestion is the breakdown of complex molecules, such as proteins, starch, and fats
• The tounge has special taste sense or taste buds
• mucin- help to soften the food
• saliva contains a chemical substance called pryalin(aka salivary anylase)
• The tounge then rolls the food into smalll slippery masses of boli(singular:bolus)
• pharynx -common passage for food and air
• The larynx bears a slit-like opening called Glottis
• A piece of Flap-like called epiglottis
• epiglottis -enters trachea
• smooth musles force food into a narrow, muscular tube called esophagus or gullet