gender&attainment all-education

• Why does Gender Socialisation effect subject choice?

  From an early age, boys and girls are encouraged to play with different toys and do different activities around the house
• How does the effect education?

  This may encourage dos to take interest in more technical subjects and discourage girls.
• Who may further reinforce this socialisation?

  Peers
• How would they do this?

  Convince the gender to opt for particular subjects.
• What may happen within subject counselling?

  Careers advisers may reflect on their own socialisation and expectations.
• What may this therefore lead too?

  They may channel boys and girls into gendered subject options.
• What may this effect after school?

  The different opportunities as girls may find their subject choices channel them into lower paid and lower status jobs.
• Who did research into subject image and gender identity?

  Colley
• What did Colley say?

  That females were less likely to chose computing subjects at university.
• Why is this?

  Because it involves working with machines rather than people.
• What does this therefore give it?

  A masculine image.
• What else deters girls from these subjects?

  Boys dominate the computer studies classes so girls may get less chance to use the computers.
• What happens in science classrooms?

  Boys tend to dominate them - grab resources first, ridiculing girls questions.
• What does this do?

  Intimidates girls from taking these subjects.
• What are working class boys likely to develop?

  Anti-school subcultures.
• Who may makes these especially?

  People placed in lower sets and streams
• Why may boys be adopting "laddish behaviour"?

  Teachers and parents and more lenient with boys.
• Who have recently adopted these behaviours?

  Some middle class boys.
• What about boys attitudes may effect their attainment?

  They have unrealistic attitudes
• What does this mean?

  Boys often think they are doing better in school than they are so they don't therefore work as hard.
• What are boys stuck in?

  A time warp
• What does this mean?

  They believe work will be available for them in society however hard they try so put in little effort.
• Who researched into Male school subcultures?

  Mac an Ghaill
• What dd they find?

  There are a range of school subcultures.
• What are 3 example of these?

  -The 'macho lads'

  -The academic achievers

  -The new enterprisers
• What is GIST?

  Girls in Science and Technology - this promoted career development opportunities and role models which motivate girls.
• Why did coursework favour girls?

  Girls are more organised than boys and have much more sustained motivation - skills that result in success.
• What may happen now coursework has been removed?

  The attainment gap between boys and girls may begin to narrow even further.
• Why were 'O-Levels' better for boys?

  Boys are better at motivating themselves for a a shorter amount of time - such as exam season - so succeed better with exams over coursework.
• Who says the National Curriculum favours girls?

  Bleach
• Why did he say this?

  Girls favour fiction over non-fiction and creative writing which are essential parts of the english GCSE and a level specification so favours girls.
• How have feminist ideas impact girls in the education system?

  Feminist ideas drew attention to the gender inequalities in education.
• What did they lead too?

  They have removed sexist images from learning and looking into the exploration of sexism in citizenship.
• However, what had Abraham argued?

  That women continue to be presented as passive in resources or in a range of domestic jobs as opposed to successful business men.
• Who researched into the failure of catering for boys in education?

  Epstein
• What does Epstein argue?

  That most teachers are female so therefore struggle to understand masculinity which makes primary schooling a more feminised experience.
• What was Sukhnanda's research?

  He argues that boys usually receive less encouragement and guidance from teachers as teacher have higher expectations for girls to do well so are therefore more critical of boys.
• What did Edwards and David say about primary socialisation?

  That it gives girls an initial advantage in both primary and secondary school.
• Why is this?

  Because girls have better language skills as they are spoke to more frequently at home when they're babies and they are also taught to conform to more formal standards of behaviour.
• Why may home activities affect this?

  They are taught to be quiet and read.