Biology quiz cognito

• water passes up the plant via the xylem
• abiotic factors include


  level of mineral ions in the soil, wind intensity, soil pH
• respiration is an exothermic reaction as it involves the release of energy
• a change in DNA ia called a mutation
• the coordination centre interperets changes and organises a response
• what is a symptom of the TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS (TMV)


  patches of the leaves get discoloured
• which diseases is obesity a risk factor to?

  heart attacks and diabetes
• what is another name for a communicable disease?

  An infectious disease
• protists are considered parasites, this means that they live on or in a host and get their food at the expense of the host
• LH stimulates the egg to be released around day 14 (during ovulation)
• which part of the leaf is indicated on the diagram?

  waxy cuticle

  
• name secondary sexual characteristics


  breast development, deepening voice, increase in height, more muscle mass
• the term 'lipids' refers to two groups of molecules, fats and oils
• the pancreas detects changes in blood glucose concentration
• the role of the veins is to carry blood from the body or lungs to the heart
• veins are a similar size to arteries but they have relatively thin walls and a relatively wide lumen because they carry blood at a much lower pressure
• veins contain valves to prevent the blood from flowing backwards
• sampling means only counting a subset of the organisms in a habitat, this is done because it would be impossible or difficult to count all the organisms
• the Bt toxin is naturally produced by bacteria
• sewage from cities and fertiliser from agriculture contribute most to water pollution
• how do field margins and hedgerows in agriculture help to increase biodiversity?


  they provide extra habitats and food sources so that a wider range of species can survive
• abundance refers to how many individuals there are
• learn this xx

  
• an enzyme is a type of catalyst that is made by a living organism, sometimes called a 'biological catalyst.' enzymes are large proteins, so made from a long chain of amino acids
• arteries are large and carry blood at a very high pressure
• artery walls have a thick middle layer containing both muscle tissue and elastic tissue
• the muscle tissue in arteries provides strength and allows the arteries to direct blood flow
• the elastic tissue in arteries allows the arteries to stretch and recoil
• compared to their walls, arteries have a relatively narrow lumen, which keeps the blood pressure high.
• infection with HIV can lead to AIDS, this is where the immune system is so weak that the person can catch unusual infections
• which organs in the body produce lipase enzymes?

  pancreas and small intestines
• what is the role of the immune system?

  to locate and destroy pathogens that enter the body
• why are fossils used as evidence for evolution?

  fossils show us how species have changed over millions of years
• what does the term 'toxicity' mean

  how harmful a drug is, e.g. how may side effects its has
• how are red blood cells adapted to their function?

  they have a biconcave shape to increase surface area, they have no nucleus to fit in more haemoglobin
• plants cannot absorb mieral ions by diffusion because their concentration is higher in the cell than in the soil
• predation is a biotic factor as it is determined by living organisms (the predators)
• antibiotic resistance is becoming more common because 1, doctors often prescribe antiobiotics in vcases where they aren't necessary, for example, mild or viral infections. 2. many people don't take the full course of antibiotics, so not all the bacteria are killed. 3. huge amountsof antibiotics are given to farm animals in order to make them grow faster
• lack of vitamin C can cause scurvy
• when two haploid cells join they form a diploid cell